योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-91, verse-50

यद्विद्यते शोध्यते तद्बोधः के च खपादपाः ।
देहाद्यविद्या सत्या चेद्युक्त एतां प्रति ग्रहः ॥ ५० ॥

yadvidyate śodhyate tadbodhaḥ ke ca khapādapāḥ ,
dehādyavidyā satyā cedyukta etāṃ prati grahaḥ 50

50. yat vidyate śodhyate tat bodhaḥ ke ca khapādapāḥ
dehādyavidyā satyā cet yuktaḥ etām prati grahaḥ

50. yat vidyate śodhyate tat bodhaḥ ca khapādapāḥ ke
cet dehādyavidyā satyā etām prati grahaḥ yuktaḥ

50. That which truly exists becomes knowledge (bodha) when purified. And what are these illusory "sky-trees"? If the ignorance (avidyā) associated with the body and so forth were truly real, then attachment (graha) to it would be justified.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - that which truly exists (referring to the underlying reality or pure consciousness) (that which, what)

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is present

• शोध्यते (śodhyate) - is purified, is cleansed

• तत् (tat) - that

• बोधः (bodhaḥ) - knowledge, awakening, understanding (bodha)

• के (ke) - what are these (what, who)

• च (ca) - and, also

• खपादपाः (khapādapāḥ) - illusory 'sky-trees' (sky-trees, aerial trees)

• देहाद्यविद्या (dehādyavidyā) - the ignorance (avidyā) associated with the body and so forth (ignorance (avidyā) of the body and so on)

• सत्या (satyā) - real, true

• चेत् (cet) - if

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - justified (proper, appropriate, connected, joined)

• एताम् (etām) - this (feminine)

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, concerning

• ग्रहः (grahaḥ) - attachment (graha) (grasping, seizing, acceptance, attachment (graha))

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - that which truly exists (referring to the underlying reality or pure consciousness) (that which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Neuter nominative singular.

Note: Subject of 'vidyate' and 'śodhyate'.

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is present

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Middle

From root √vid (to know, to exist, 4th class).

Root: vid (class 4)

शोध्यते (śodhyate) - is purified, is cleansed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śudh

Present Passive

From root √śudh (4th class), causative stem ('śodhaya'), then passive ('śodhyate').

Root: śudh (class 4)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Neuter nominative singular.

Note: Functions as the subject of the predicate 'bodhaḥ'.

बोधः (bodhaḥ) - knowledge, awakening, understanding (bodha)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bodha

bodha - knowledge, awakening, understanding (bodha)

From √budh (to know, awaken) + ghañ suffix.

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative, completing the statement about what the purified existent is.

के (ke) - what are these (what, who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - what, who, which (interrogative pronoun)

Masculine nominative plural form.

Note: Interrogative pronoun, acting as the subject of an implied verb 'are'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two distinct ideas or questions in the verse.

खपादपाः (khapādapāḥ) - illusory 'sky-trees' (sky-trees, aerial trees)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of khapādapa

khapādapa - sky-tree, aerial tree (a figment of imagination, like a mirage or Gandharva-nagarī)

Compound noun, literally 'foot-drinker of the sky'. Refers to something non-existent or illusory.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kha+pādapa)

• kha – sky, ether, space, zero
  noun (neuter)
• pādapa – tree (literally 'drinking with feet/roots')
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'pāda' (foot/root) + 'pa' (drinker, from √pā, to drink).
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: The object of the question 'ke', highlighting their non-existence or illusory nature.

देहाद्यविद्या (dehādyavidyā) - the ignorance (avidyā) associated with the body and so forth (ignorance (avidyā) of the body and so on)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dehādyavidyā

dehādyavidyā - ignorance (avidyā) related to the body (deha) and so on (ādi)

Compound noun. 'Dehādi' is a tatpuruṣa compound of 'deha' + 'ādi'. Then 'dehādi' + 'avidyā' forms the larger compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deha+ādi+avidyā)

• deha – body, physical form
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dih (class 2)
• ādi – beginning, etc., and so forth
  indeclinable
• avidyā – ignorance, nescience (avidyā)
  noun (feminine)
  Negation of 'vidyā' (knowledge).
  Prefix: a
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of the conditional clause.

सत्या (satyā) - real, true

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of satya

satya - true, real, existent

Derived from 'sat' (existent, true) + 'ya' suffix.

Note: Predicate adjective for 'dehādyavidyā', posing a hypothetical condition.

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - justified (proper, appropriate, connected, joined)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, connected, proper, appropriate, engaged, ready

Past Passive Participle

From √yuj (to join, connect) + kta suffix.

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Predicate for 'grahaḥ'.

एताम् (etām) - this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, this here (demonstrative pronoun)

Feminine accusative singular form.

Note: Object of the preposition 'prati'.

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, concerning

(indeclinable)

Functions as a preposition governing the accusative.

Note: Governs the pronoun 'etām'.

ग्रहः (grahaḥ) - attachment (graha) (grasping, seizing, acceptance, attachment (graha))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of graha

graha - grasping, seizing, taking, understanding, attachment (graha)

From √grah (to seize, take) + 'a' suffix.

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Subject of the main clause, qualified by 'yuktaḥ'.