योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-86, verse-36

अग्रजेनेति कथिते बाढं कृत्वा त उत्तमाः ।
ध्यानाधीनधियस्तस्थुः सहैव ज्यायसा रसात् ॥ ३६ ॥

agrajeneti kathite bāḍhaṃ kṛtvā ta uttamāḥ ,
dhyānādhīnadhiyastasthuḥ sahaiva jyāyasā rasāt 36

36. agrajena iti kathite bāḍham kṛtvā te uttamāḥ
dhyānādhīnadhiyaḥ tasthuḥ saha eva jyāyasā rasāt

36. agrajena iti kathite te uttamāḥ bāḍham kṛtvā
jyāyasā saha eva dhyānādhīnadhiyaḥ rasāt tasthuḥ

36. When the elder (guru) spoke thus, those excellent ones, having firmly assented, remained with their minds absorbed in meditation (dhyāna), together with their elder, out of deep devotion.

Words meanings summery:

• अग्रजेन (agrajena) - by the elder (guru) (by the elder brother, by the foremost one)

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this manner, as)

• कथिते (kathite) - when spoken (when spoken, having been told)

• बाढम् (bāḍham) - firmly (strongly, firmly, well, greatly)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having assented (lit. having done it firmly) (having done, having made)

• ते (te) - those (disciples) (they, those)

• उत्तमाः (uttamāḥ) - excellent disciples (excellent ones, best ones)

• ध्यानाधीनधियः (dhyānādhīnadhiyaḥ) - with their minds absorbed in meditation (dhyāna) (whose intellects are absorbed in meditation)

• तस्थुः (tasthuḥ) - remained (they stood, they remained)

• सह (saha) - together (with, together with)

• एव (eva) - together (emphasizing) (indeed, only, just, even)

• ज्यायसा (jyāyasā) - by their elder (guru) (by the elder, by the superior)

• रसात् (rasāt) - out of deep devotion/feeling (from taste, from sentiment, from juice, from emotion)

Words meanings and morphology

अग्रजेन (agrajena) - by the elder (guru) (by the elder brother, by the foremost one)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of agraja

agraja - elder brother, foremost born, leader

From agra (front) + ja (born)

Compound type : tatpurusha (agra+ja)

• agra – front, first, tip
  noun (neuter)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Suffix -ja from root jan-
  Root: jan (class 4)

इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this manner, as)

(indeclinable)

कथिते (kathite) - when spoken (when spoken, having been told)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kathita

kathita - told, spoken, narrated

Past Passive Participle

From root kath (to tell) with suffix kta

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Often used in locative absolute constructions.

बाढम् (bāḍham) - firmly (strongly, firmly, well, greatly)

(indeclinable)

From root baṃh (to grow, to be strong)

Root: baṃh (class 1)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having assented (lit. having done it firmly) (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From root kṛ (to do, to make) with suffix ktvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

ते (te) - those (disciples) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers to uttamāḥ.

उत्तमाः (uttamāḥ) - excellent disciples (excellent ones, best ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, principal

Superlative of ud (up) or related to ut (upwards)

Prefix: ud

Root: tam

Note: Nounified adjective.

ध्यानाधीनधियः (dhyānādhīnadhiyaḥ) - with their minds absorbed in meditation (dhyāna) (whose intellects are absorbed in meditation)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhyānādhīnadhī

dhyānādhīnadhī - whose intellect is dependent on meditation, absorbed in meditation

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dhyāna+adhīna+dhī)

• dhyāna – meditation, contemplation
  noun (neuter)
  From root dhyā- (to meditate)
  Root: dhyā (class 4)
• adhīna – dependent, subordinate, subjected to
  adjective
  From prefix adhi + root ī (to go)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: ī (class 2)
• dhī – intellect, thought, mind, understanding
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies uttamāḥ.

तस्थुः (tasthuḥ) - remained (they stood, they remained)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (Lit) of sthā

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Reduplicated perfect.

Root: sthā (class 1)

सह (saha) - together (with, together with)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - together (emphasizing) (indeed, only, just, even)

(indeclinable)

ज्यायसा (jyāyasā) - by their elder (guru) (by the elder, by the superior)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jyāyas

jyāyas - elder, superior, greater

Comparative form of vṛddha (old, grown) or mah (great).

Note: Used as a noun here.

रसात् (rasāt) - out of deep devotion/feeling (from taste, from sentiment, from juice, from emotion)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of rasa

rasa - juice, essence, taste, sentiment, emotion, delight, devotion

Root: ras (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause or source.