योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-110, verse-57

सुखं दुःखं च मनसि तिले तैलमिव स्थितम् ।
तद्देशकालवशतो घनं वा तनु वा भवेत् ॥ ५७ ॥

sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca manasi tile tailamiva sthitam ,
taddeśakālavaśato ghanaṃ vā tanu vā bhavet 57

57. sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca manasi tile tailam iva sthitam
tat deśakālavaśataḥ ghanaṃ vā tanu vā bhavet

57. sukhaṃ ca duḥkhaṃ ca manasi tile tālām iva sthitam.
tat deśakālavaśataḥ ghanaṃ vā tanu vā bhavet.

57. Both pleasure and pain are situated within the mind (manas), just as oil is present within a sesame seed. Depending on the influence of place and time, that [pleasure and pain] may become either dense or subtle.

Words meanings summery:

• सुखं (sukhaṁ) - pleasure, happiness

• दुःखं (duḥkhaṁ) - pain, suffering

• च (ca) - and

• मनसि (manasi) - in the mind

• तिले (tile) - in a sesame seed

• तैलम् (tailam) - oil

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - situated, present, existing

• तत् (tat) - refers to pleasure and pain collectively (that, it)

• देशकालवशतः (deśakālavaśataḥ) - according to the influence of place and time

• घनं (ghanaṁ) - dense, concentrated, intense

• वा (vā) - or

• तनु (tanu) - subtle, attenuated, sparse

• वा (vā) - or

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, becomes

Words meanings and morphology

सुखं (sukhaṁ) - pleasure, happiness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - pleasure, happiness, ease, comfort

Note: Subject of the sentence.

दुःखं (duḥkhaṁ) - pain, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - pain, suffering, sorrow, discomfort

Note: Subject of the sentence.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मनसि (manasi) - in the mind

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, understanding, consciousness (manas)

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Location where pleasure and pain reside.

तिले (tile) - in a sesame seed

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tila

tila - sesame, sesame seed

Note: Used in a simile, indicating the location of oil.

तैलम् (tailam) - oil

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of taila

taila - oil (especially sesame oil)

Derived from 'tila' (sesame) + 'aṇ' (suffix for product/origin).

Note: Subject of the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

स्थितम् (sthitam) - situated, present, existing

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthita

sthā - to stand, to be, to remain, to be situated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ' (collective singular).

तत् (tat) - refers to pleasure and pain collectively (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Refers back to 'sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ'.

देशकालवशतः (deśakālavaśataḥ) - according to the influence of place and time

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'deśa' (place) + 'kāla' (time) + 'vaśa' (control, influence). The '-tas' suffix indicates 'by means of' or 'from'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (deśa+kāla+vaśa)

• deśa – place, region, country
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)
• vaśa – will, control, power, influence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś (class 1)

Note: The suffix -tas denotes 'from, by means of'.

घनं (ghanaṁ) - dense, concentrated, intense

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ghana

ghana - dense, solid, compact, thick, intense

Note: Predicate adjective.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

तनु (tanu) - subtle, attenuated, sparse

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tanu

tanu - thin, subtle, slender, attenuated, sparse

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, becomes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative active

3rd person singular optative active form of root 'bhū'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Expresses possibility or potentiality.