वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-99, verse-6

कथं त्रैलोक्यमाक्रम्य श्रिया वीर्येण चान्वितम् ।
अविषह्यं जघान त्वां मानुषो वनगोचरः ॥६॥

6. kathaṃ trailokyamākramya śriyā vīryeṇa cānvitam ,
aviṣahyaṃ jaghāna tvāṃ mānuṣo vanagocaraḥ.

6. katham trailokyam ākramya śriyā vīryeṇa ca
anvitam avisahyam jaghāna tvām mānuṣaḥ vanagocaraḥ

6. katham mānuṣaḥ vanagocaraḥ trailokyam ākramya
śriyā vīryeṇa ca anvitam avisahyam tvām jaghāna

6. How could a human, a forest-dweller, have killed you, who were irresistible, having overwhelmed the three worlds and being endowed with splendor and valor?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - expressing disbelief at how this event could occur (how, in what manner)

• त्रैलोक्यम् (trailokyam) - all regions of existence (the three worlds (heaven, earth, and netherworld))

• आक्रम्य (ākramya) - having established dominance over (having attacked, having overcome, having conquered)

• श्रिया (śriyā) - with splendor, with prosperity, with glory

• वीर्येण (vīryeṇa) - with valor, with might, with energy, with power

• च (ca) - and, also

• अन्वितम् (anvitam) - endowed with splendor and valor (accompanied by, endowed with, possessed of)

• अविसह्यम् (avisahyam) - (Rāvaṇa) who was impossible to withstand (irresistible, unconquerable, unendurable)

• जघान (jaghāna) - Rama killed (Rāvaṇa) (he killed, he struck)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - Rāvaṇa (you)

• मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - Rama, seen as just a human (a human, a man)

• वनगोचरः (vanagocaraḥ) - Rama, who lived in the forest (a forest-dweller, one who roams in the forest)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - expressing disbelief at how this event could occur (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

From interrogative base kim + suffix tham.

त्रैलोक्यम् (trailokyam) - all regions of existence (the three worlds (heaven, earth, and netherworld))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of trailokya

trailokya - the three worlds

Compound of tri (three) and loka (world).

Compound type : dvigu (tri+loka)

• tri – three
  numeral
• loka – world, region, people
  noun (masculine)
  Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Object of 'ākramya'.

आक्रम्य (ākramya) - having established dominance over (having attacked, having overcome, having conquered)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From prefix ā + root kram + suffix lyap.

Prefix: ā

Root: kram (class 1)

श्रिया (śriyā) - with splendor, with prosperity, with glory

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - splendor, glory, prosperity, wealth, beauty

Root: śrī

Note: Denotes accompaniment or means.

वीर्येण (vīryeṇa) - with valor, with might, with energy, with power

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - valor, prowess, might, energy, strength

From vīra (hero) + ya (suffix).

Note: Denotes accompaniment or means.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'śriyā' and 'vīryeṇa'.

अन्वितम् (anvitam) - endowed with splendor and valor (accompanied by, endowed with, possessed of)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anvita

anvita - endowed with, accompanied by, connected with

Past Passive Participle

From prefix anu + root i (to go) + suffix kta. Literally 'gone after'.

Prefix: anu

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agreeing with 'tvām'.

अविसह्यम् (avisahyam) - (Rāvaṇa) who was impossible to withstand (irresistible, unconquerable, unendurable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avisahya

avisahya - irresistible, unconquerable, difficult to bear

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Formed by negative prefix 'a-' combined with the gerundive 'visahya' (from prefix 'vi-' + root 'sah' + suffix 'ṇyat').

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+visahya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• visahya – to be overcome, endurable
  adjective
  Gerundive
  From prefix vi + root sah + suffix ṇyat.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Agreeing with 'tvām'.

जघान (jaghāna) - Rama killed (Rāvaṇa) (he killed, he struck)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of han

Perfect Tense, Active Voice (lit)

Reduplicated perfect form of root han (class 2).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: The subject is 'mānuṣaḥ vanagocaraḥ'.

त्वाम् (tvām) - Rāvaṇa (you)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of 'jaghāna'.

मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - Rama, seen as just a human (a human, a man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, man, relating to men

From manu (man) + aṣa (suffix).

Note: Refers to Rama.

वनगोचरः (vanagocaraḥ) - Rama, who lived in the forest (a forest-dweller, one who roams in the forest)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vanagocara

vanagocara - forest-dweller, moving in the forest

Compound of vana (forest) and gocara (moving, dwelling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+gocara)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• gocara – moving, dwelling, range, sphere
  adjective (masculine)
  From root gam (to go) + suffix cara.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agreeing with 'mānuṣaḥ'.