वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-99, verse-12

यदैव नगरीं लङ्कां दुष्प्रवेषां सुरैरपि ।
प्रविष्टो हनुमान् वीर्यात्तदैव व्यथिता वयम् ॥१२॥

12. yadaiva nagarīṃ laṅkāṃ duṣpraveṣāṃ surairapi ,
praviṣṭo hanumān vīryāttadaiva vyathitā vayam.

12. yadā eva nagarīm laṅkām duṣpraveṣām suraiḥ api
praviṣṭaḥ hanumān vīryāt tadā eva vyathitāḥ vayam

12. yadā eva hanumān vīryāt suraiḥ api duṣpraveṣām nagarīm laṅkām praviṣṭaḥ,
tadā eva vayam vyathitāḥ

12. The very moment Hanumān, by his prowess, entered the city of Laṅkā, which is difficult for even the gods to penetrate, we immediately became distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, precisely

• नगरीम् (nagarīm) - city

• लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - Laṅkā (proper noun, name of the city)

• दुष्प्रवेषाम् (duṣpraveṣām) - difficult to enter, inaccessible

• सुरैः (suraiḥ) - by gods

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• प्रविष्टः (praviṣṭaḥ) - entered, penetrated

• हनुमान् (hanumān) - Hanumān (proper noun, monkey general)

• वीर्यात् (vīryāt) - by strength, by prowess, from heroism

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, precisely

• व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - troubled, distressed, agitated

• वयम् (vayam) - we

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

Note: Subordinating conjunction, introduces a temporal clause.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, precisely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle, combines with 'yadā' to mean 'the very moment when'.

नगरीम् (nagarīm) - city

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nagarī

nagarī - city, town

From nagara (city), feminine form

Note: Object of 'praviṣṭaḥ'.

लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - Laṅkā (proper noun, name of the city)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Laṅkā (the name of Rāvaṇa's capital city)

Note: Appositive to 'nagarīm'.

दुष्प्रवेषाम् (duṣpraveṣām) - difficult to enter, inaccessible

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of duṣpraveṣa

duṣpraveṣa - difficult to enter, inaccessible

Gerundive/Participle

Compound of dus (bad, difficult) + praveśa (entry), formed from dus + prefix pra + root √viś (to enter) + -a suffix

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+praveśa)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  A prefix indicating difficulty or badness
• praveśa – entry, entrance
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix pra + root √viś (to enter) + -a suffix
  Prefix: pra
  Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'nagarīm' and 'laṅkām'.

सुरैः (suraiḥ) - by gods

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sura

sura - god, deity

Often contrasted with asura

Note: Indicates agent or instrument for 'difficult to enter'.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'suraiḥ'.

प्रविष्टः (praviṣṭaḥ) - entered, penetrated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praviṣṭa

praviṣṭa - entered, gone into, penetrated

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix pra + root √viś (to enter) + -ta suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Acts as the main verb of the 'when' clause, 'Hanumān entered'.

हनुमान् (hanumān) - Hanumān (proper noun, monkey general)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hanumat

hanumat - Hanumān (the monkey god, son of Vāyu)

Named for his prominent jaw (hanu)

Note: Subject of 'praviṣṭaḥ'.

वीर्यात् (vīryāt) - by strength, by prowess, from heroism

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - strength, prowess, valor, energy, seed

From vīra (hero) + -ya suffix

Note: Indicates the cause or means.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative adverb to 'yadā'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, precisely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle, combines with 'tadā' to mean 'then precisely'.

व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - troubled, distressed, agitated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyathita

vyathita - troubled, distressed, agitated, pained

Past Passive Participle

From root √vyath (to waver, be troubled) + -ita suffix

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'vayam'.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - we

First person plural pronoun, nominative case

Note: Subject of the main clause.