वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-99, verse-38

शतक्रतुमुखैर्देवैः श्रूयते न पराजितः ।
महात्मा बलसंपन्नो रावणो लोकरावणः ॥३८॥

38. śatakratumukhairdevaiḥ śrūyate na parājitaḥ ,
mahātmā balasaṃpanno rāvaṇo lokarāvaṇaḥ.

38. śatakratumukhaiḥ devaiḥ śrūyate na parājitaḥ
mahātmā balasampannaḥ rāvaṇaḥ lokarāvaṇaḥ

38. rāvaṇaḥ mahātmā balasampannaḥ lokarāvaṇaḥ
śatakratumukhaiḥ devaiḥ na parājitaḥ śrūyate

38. It is heard that he, Rāvaṇa, was not defeated by the gods led by Śatakratu (Indra). He is a great personality, endowed with immense strength, and one who makes the worlds lament.

Words meanings summery:

• शतक्रतुमुखैः (śatakratumukhaiḥ) - by the gods, with Indra as their chief (by those headed by Śatakratu (Indra))

• देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the gods, by divine beings

• श्रूयते (śrūyate) - it is heard, he is heard

• न (na) - not, no

• पराजितः (parājitaḥ) - defeated, conquered

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - Refers to Rāvaṇa, indicating his powerful and formidable nature rather than moral goodness. (great-souled, magnanimous, noble-minded, a great personality)

• बलसम्पन्नः (balasampannaḥ) - endowed with strength, powerful

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - The name of the demon king. (Rāvaṇa (proper name))

• लोकरावणः (lokarāvaṇaḥ) - An epithet for Rāvaṇa, describing his oppressive nature. (one who makes the worlds lament/cry out)

Words meanings and morphology

शतक्रतुमुखैः (śatakratumukhaiḥ) - by the gods, with Indra as their chief (by those headed by Śatakratu (Indra))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śatakratumukha

śatakratumukha - headed by Śatakratu (Indra)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śatakratu+mukha)

• śatakratu – Indra (literally, 'he who has a hundred Vedic rituals')
  proper noun (masculine)
• mukha – mouth, face, chief, leader, beginning
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the collective group of gods.

देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the gods, by divine beings

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

From root div (to shine).

Root: div (class 4)

श्रूयते (śrūyate) - it is heard, he is heard

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śru

Present Passive

Passive voice, third person singular.

Root: śru (class 5)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Particle of negation.

पराजितः (parājitaḥ) - defeated, conquered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parājita

parājita - defeated, conquered, vanquished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ji (to conquer) with prefix parā.

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective.

महात्मा (mahātmā) - Refers to Rāvaṇa, indicating his powerful and formidable nature rather than moral goodness. (great-souled, magnanimous, noble-minded, a great personality)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, a great being/person; mahā (great) + ātman (self/soul).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Feminine stem of mahat.
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

बलसम्पन्नः (balasampannaḥ) - endowed with strength, powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balasampanna

balasampanna - endowed with strength, rich in power

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bala+sampanna)

• bala – strength, power, might
  noun (neuter)
• sampanna – endowed with, accomplished, complete, prosperous
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root pad (to go, fall) with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pad (class 4)

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - The name of the demon king. (Rāvaṇa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper name); one who makes (others) cry out, roarer

From root ru (to cry, roar) with causal suffix ṇic and then lyuṭ.

Root: ru (class 2)

लोकरावणः (lokarāvaṇaḥ) - An epithet for Rāvaṇa, describing his oppressive nature. (one who makes the worlds lament/cry out)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lokarāvaṇa

lokarāvaṇa - one who makes the worlds cry out, roarer of the worlds

Compound of loka (world) and rāvaṇa (causer of cries).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+rāvaṇa)

• loka – world, people, realm
  noun (masculine)
  Root: lok (class 1)
• rāvaṇa – one who causes to cry/roar
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun (causal)
  From root ru (to cry, roar) with causal ṇic and suffix yu.
  Root: ru (class 2)