वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-99, verse-31

तं प्रश्रितस्ततो रामं श्रुतवाक्यो विभीषणः ।
विमृश्य बुद्ध्या धर्मज्ञो धर्मार्थसहितं वचः ।
रामस्यैवानुवृत्त्यर्थमुत्तरं प्रत्यभाषत ॥३१॥

31. taṃ praśritastato rāmaṃ śrutavākyo vibhīṣaṇaḥ ,
vimṛśya buddhyā dharmajño dharmārthasahitaṃ vacaḥ ,
rāmasyaivānuvṛttyarthamuttaraṃ pratyabhāṣata.

31. tam praśritaḥ tataḥ rāmam śrutavākyaḥ
vibhīṣaṇaḥ vimṛśya buddhyā dharmajñaḥ
dharma artha sahitam vacaḥ rāmasya eva
anuvṛtti artham uttaram pratyabhāṣata

31. tataḥ śrutavākyaḥ dharmajñaḥ praśritaḥ
vibhīṣaṇaḥ buddhyā dharma artha sahitam
vacaḥ vimṛśya rāmasya eva anuvṛtti
artham tam rāmam uttaram pratyabhāṣata

31. Then, the humble Vibhīṣaṇa, having heard the words [of Rāma] and being a knower of (dharma), pondered with his intellect the speech that was combined with (dharma) and purpose. He then replied, for the sake of complying with Rāma himself.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - to him (Rāma) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• प्रश्रितः (praśritaḥ) - humble, modest, respectful, bowed down

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, therefore

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma (a proper name)

• श्रुतवाक्यः (śrutavākyaḥ) - having heard Rāma's words (one whose words have been heard, one who has heard the words)

• विभीषणः (vibhīṣaṇaḥ) - Vibhīṣaṇa (a proper name)

• विमृश्य (vimṛśya) - having pondered, having considered, having deliberated

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, with understanding, by reason

• धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knower of (dharma), righteous

• धर्म (dharma) - natural law (dharma), duty, righteousness

• अर्थ (artha) - purpose, meaning, wealth, goal

• सहितम् (sahitam) - accompanied by, together with, endowed with

• वचः (vacaḥ) - speech, word, statement

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rāma

• एव (eva) - Rāma himself (indeed, only, just, even)

• अनुवृत्ति (anuvṛtti) - following, compliance, repetition

• अर्थम् (artham) - for the sake of, for the purpose of, for

• उत्तरम् (uttaram) - reply, answer, subsequent, northern

• प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - replied, spoke in return

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - to him (Rāma) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāma.

प्रश्रितः (praśritaḥ) - humble, modest, respectful, bowed down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praśrita

praśrita - humble, modest, respectful, polite, dependent, devoted, placed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √śri (to resort to, serve) with prefix 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'Vibhīṣaṇaḥ'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, therefore

(indeclinable)

रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (the seventh avatar of Vishnu), pleasing, charming

Note: Object of the verb 'pratyabhāṣata'.

श्रुतवाक्यः (śrutavākyaḥ) - having heard Rāma's words (one whose words have been heard, one who has heard the words)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrutavākya

śrutavākya - one whose words have been heard, one who has heard the words

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śruta+vākya)

• śruta – heard, listened, revealed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √śru (to hear).
  Root: śru (class 5)
• vākya – word, speech, sentence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'Vibhīṣaṇaḥ'.

विभीषणः (vibhīṣaṇaḥ) - Vibhīṣaṇa (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vibhīṣaṇa

vibhīṣaṇa - Vibhīṣaṇa (brother of Rāvaṇa), formidable, terrible

विमृश्य (vimṛśya) - having pondered, having considered, having deliberated

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √mṛś (to touch, reflect) with prefix 'vi-'.

Prefix: vi

Root: mṛś (class 6)

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, with understanding, by reason

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, reason, perception

Root: budh (class 1)

धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knower of (dharma), righteous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of (dharma), knowing justice, righteous

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law (dharma), constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, conversant with, skilled in
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root √jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'Vibhīṣaṇaḥ'.

धर्म (dharma) - natural law (dharma), duty, righteousness

(noun)

masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law (dharma), constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: First part of the compound 'dharmārthasahitam'.

अर्थ (artha) - purpose, meaning, wealth, goal

(noun)

masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, goal, wealth, advantage

Note: Second part of the compound 'dharmārthasahitam'.

सहितम् (sahitam) - accompanied by, together with, endowed with

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied by, together with, endowed with, possessed of

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √dhā (to place) with prefix 'sa-'. Or from 'saha' (with).

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - speech, word, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - speech, word, statement, saying

Root: vac (class 2)

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rāma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (the seventh avatar of Vishnu), pleasing, charming

एव (eva) - Rāma himself (indeed, only, just, even)

(indeclinable)

अनुवृत्ति (anuvṛtti) - following, compliance, repetition

(noun)

feminine, singular of anuvṛtti

anuvṛtti - following, compliance, repetition, continuance

Prefix: anu

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: First part of the compound 'anuvṛttyartham'.

अर्थम् (artham) - for the sake of, for the purpose of, for

(indeclinable)

Note: When used with a noun in a compound, means 'for the sake of' (anuvṛttyartham).

उत्तरम् (uttaram) - reply, answer, subsequent, northern

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttara

uttara - reply, answer, subsequent, later, northern, superior

Note: Object of 'pratyabhāṣata'.

प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - replied, spoke in return

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (luṅ) of pratibhāṣ

Imperfect 3rd Singular Middle

Root verb 'bhāṣ' (to speak) with prefix 'prati-' (back, in return), in the imperfect tense, third person singular, middle voice.

Prefix: prati

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)