वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-99, verse-11

यदैव हि जनस्थाने राक्षसैर्बहुभिर्वृतः ।
खरस्तव हतो भ्राता तदैवासौ न मानुषः ॥११॥

11. yadaiva hi janasthāne rākṣasairbahubhirvṛtaḥ ,
kharastava hato bhrātā tadaivāsau na mānuṣaḥ.

11. yadā eva hi janasthāne rākṣasaiḥ bahubhiḥ vṛtaḥ
kharaḥ tava hataḥ bhrātā tadā eva asau na mānuṣaḥ

11. hi yadā eva janasthāne bahubhiḥ rākṣasaiḥ vṛtaḥ tava bhrātā kharaḥ hataḥ,
tadā eva asau na mānuṣaḥ

11. Indeed, the moment your brother Khara, surrounded by numerous demons, was killed in Janasthāna, it became clear that he (Rāma) was not a human.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, precisely

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• जनस्थाने (janasthāne) - in Janasthāna (a specific place)

• राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by demons

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

• खरः (kharaḥ) - Khara (a Rākṣasa, Rāvaṇa's brother)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, destroyed

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, precisely

• असौ (asau) - he (Rāma) (he, that one)

• न (na) - not

• मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - human, man

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

Note: Subordinating conjunction, introduces a temporal clause.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, precisely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle, combines with 'yadā' to mean 'the very moment when'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle used for emphasis or explanation.

जनस्थाने (janasthāne) - in Janasthāna (a specific place)

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of janasthāna

janasthāna - Janasthāna (a region in the Daṇḍaka forest, abode of Rākṣasas in Rāmāyaṇa)

Compound of jana (people) and sthāna (place), referring to a dwelling place for people (or Rākṣasas)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+sthāna)

• jana – person, people, creature
  noun (masculine)
  From root √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• sthāna – place, position, abode
  noun (neuter)
  From root √sthā (to stand) + -ana suffix
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by demons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, ogre, a class of malevolent beings

Possibly from root √rakṣ (to protect, but with a different sense here, often associated with night prowlers)

Note: Agent in a passive construction (surrounded *by* demons).

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, numerous, abundant

Note: Qualifies 'rākṣasaiḥ'.

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, covered, chosen, appointed

Past Passive Participle

From root √vṛ (to cover, enclose, choose) + -ta suffix

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'kharaḥ'.

खरः (kharaḥ) - Khara (a Rākṣasa, Rāvaṇa's brother)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khara

khara - Khara (proper name of a Rākṣasa), also means donkey, sharp

Note: Subject of the clause.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

Second person singular pronoun, genitive case

Note: Possessive, modifies 'bhrātā'.

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed, injured

Past Passive Participle

From root √han (to strike, kill) + -ta suffix

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'kharaḥ'.

भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Appositive to 'kharaḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative adverb to 'yadā'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, precisely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle, combines with 'tadā' to mean 'then precisely'.

असौ (asau) - he (Rāma) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, this, he, she, it (referring to something distant or out of sight)

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative singular

Note: Subject of the main clause.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - human, man

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, man, relating to man

From manuja (man) or manu (Manu) + -ṣa suffix

Note: Predicative adjective for 'asau'.