वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-110, verse-38

महायज्ञे तदा तस्य वरुणेन महात्मना ।
दत्तं धनुर्वरं प्रीत्या तूणी चाक्षय्य सायकौ ॥३८॥

38. mahāyajñe tadā tasya varuṇena mahātmanā ,
dattaṃ dhanurvaraṃ prītyā tūṇī cākṣayya sāyakau.

38. mahāyajñe tadā tasya varuṇena mahātmanā dattam
dhanuḥ varam prītyā tūṇī ca akṣayya sāyakau

38. tadā tasya mahāyajñe mahātmanā varuṇena prītyā
dattam (āsīt) dhanuḥ varam tūṇī ca akṣayya sāyakau

38. Then, during his great ritual (yajña), the revered (mahātman) Varuna lovingly presented an excellent bow, along with two quivers and inexhaustible arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• महायज्ञे (mahāyajñe) - in King Janaka's great ritual (yajña) (in the great sacrifice, in the great ritual)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (King Janaka's) (his, of that)

• वरुणेन (varuṇena) - by the deity Varuna (by Varuna)

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the revered (Varuna) (by the great-souled, by the noble)

• दत्तम् (dattam) - presented (given, presented)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - the bow (of Shiva, implied) (bow)

• वरम् (varam) - excellent (excellent, best, superior)

• प्रीत्या (prītyā) - lovingly, with affection (with affection, lovingly, gladly)

• तूणी (tūṇī) - two quivers

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अक्षय्य (akṣayya) - inexhaustible (inexhaustible, imperishable)

• सायकौ (sāyakau) - two arrows

Words meanings and morphology

महायज्ञे (mahāyajñe) - in King Janaka's great ritual (yajña) (in the great sacrifice, in the great ritual)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāyajña

mahāyajña - great sacrifice, great ritual (yajña)

Compound of 'mahā' (great) + 'yajña' (sacrifice).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+yajña)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• yajña – sacrifice, ritual, offering
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'yaj' (to sacrifice)
  Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Specifies the place/time of the event.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb.

तस्य (tasya) - his (King Janaka's) (his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, genitive singular masculine.

Note: Possessive, refers to the owner of the great sacrifice.

वरुणेन (varuṇena) - by the deity Varuna (by Varuna)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of varuṇa

varuṇa - Varuna (a Vedic deity, god of waters, cosmic order, oaths)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the revered (Varuna) (by the great-souled, by the noble)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, sublime, revered

Compound of 'mahā' (great) + 'ātman' (self, soul). Instrumental singular masculine.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

दत्तम् (dattam) - presented (given, presented)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, offered, granted

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dā' (to give). Neuter nominative singular.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Acts as the main verb (implied 'was given').

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - the bow (of Shiva, implied) (bow)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc

s-stem neuter noun.

Root: dhan (class 1)

वरम् (varam) - excellent (excellent, best, superior)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, superior, boon, choice

Nominative singular neuter, here used as an adjective modifying 'dhanuḥ'.

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: This is the adjective 'excellent' for the bow, hence `dhanurvaram` as an excellent bow.

प्रीत्या (prītyā) - lovingly, with affection (with affection, lovingly, gladly)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prīti

prīti - affection, love, pleasure, joy

Feminine i-stem noun. Instrumental singular.

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Adverbial usage.

तूणी (tūṇī) - two quivers

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, dual of tūṇī

tūṇī - quiver (for arrows)

Feminine ī-stem noun. Nominative dual.

Note: Refers to two quivers.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अक्षय्य (akṣayya) - inexhaustible (inexhaustible, imperishable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of akṣayya

akṣayya - inexhaustible, imperishable, unfailing, undiminishable

Gerundive

From 'a' (negation) + 'kṣi' (to destroy, diminish) + '-ya'. Nominative dual masculine.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣayya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix
• kṣayya – perishable, destructible, liable to decay
  adjective
  Gerundive
  From root 'kṣi' (to destroy, diminish)
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'sāyakau'.

सायकौ (sāyakau) - two arrows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow

Derived from 'si' (to bind, cast). Nominative dual masculine.

Root: si (class 4)

Note: The objects being given.