महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-92, verse-23

स वध्यमानः समरे शैनेयस्य शरोत्तमैः ।
प्राद्रवत्सहसा राजन्पुत्रो दुर्योधनस्तव ।
आप्लुतश्च ततो यानं चित्रसेनस्य धन्विनः ॥२३॥

23. sa vadhyamānaḥ samare śaineyasya śarottamaiḥ ,
prādravatsahasā rājanputro duryodhanastava ,
āplutaśca tato yānaṁ citrasenasya dhanvinaḥ.

23. saḥ vadhyamānaḥ samare śaineyasya
śarottamaiḥ prādravat sahasā rājan
putraḥ duryodhanaḥ tava āplutaḥ ca
tataḥ yānam citrasenasya dhanvinaḥ

23. rājan samare śaineyasya śarottamaiḥ
vadhyamānaḥ tava putraḥ duryodhanaḥ
saḥ sahasā prādravat ca tataḥ
dhanvinaḥ citrasenasya yānam āplutaḥ

23. O King, your son Duryodhana, being struck in battle by the excellent arrows of Shaineya (Satyaki), suddenly fled. From there, he then jumped into the chariot of the archer Chitrasena.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Duryodhana) (he, that)

• वध्यमानः (vadhyamānaḥ) - being struck, being wounded (being killed, being struck, being wounded)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

• शैनेयस्य (śaineyasya) - of Shaineya (Satyaki) (of Shaineya (Satyaki, son of Shinī))

• शरोत्तमैः (śarottamaiḥ) - by excellent arrows (with excellent arrows, by the best arrows)

• प्राद्रवत् (prādravat) - fled (he fled, he ran away)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, quickly, forcibly)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king (vocative, addressing Dhritarashtra) (O king)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (Duryodhana) (son)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (the eldest of the Kauravas) (Duryodhana)

• तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhritarashtra) (your, of you)

• आप्लुतः (āplutaḥ) - jumped (plunged, leapt, jumped into)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ततः (tataḥ) - from there, then (then, thereafter, from there)

• यानम् (yānam) - into the chariot (chariot, vehicle, journey)

• चित्रसेनस्य (citrasenasya) - of Chitrasena (proper name) (of Chitrasena)

• धन्विनः (dhanvinaḥ) - of the archer (of the archer, bowman)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Duryodhana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वध्यमानः (vadhyamānaḥ) - being struck, being wounded (being killed, being struck, being wounded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being struck, being wounded

Present Passive Participle

From root vadh- (to strike, kill), passive stem vadhyate.

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially, 'while being wounded'.

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

शैनेयस्य (śaineyasya) - of Shaineya (Satyaki) (of Shaineya (Satyaki, son of Shinī))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śaineya

śaineya - descendant of Shinī, Satyaki

Patronymic from Shinī.

Note: Refers to Satyaki.

शरोत्तमैः (śarottamaiḥ) - by excellent arrows (with excellent arrows, by the best arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śarottama

śarottama - best arrows, excellent arrows

Compound type : tatpurusha (śara+uttama)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective (masculine)

प्राद्रवत् (prādravat) - fled (he fled, he ran away)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prādrav

Prefixes: pra+ā

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: With a-augment.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, quickly, forcibly)

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O king (vocative, addressing Dhritarashtra) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (Duryodhana) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (the eldest of the Kauravas) (Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From root yudh-
  Root: yudh (class 4)

तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhritarashtra) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

आप्लुतः (āplutaḥ) - jumped (plunged, leapt, jumped into)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpluta

āpluta - bathed, immersed, leapt upon, jumped into

Past Passive Participle

From root plu- (to float, jump) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Functions like a perfect participle, here 'having jumped'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - from there, then (then, thereafter, from there)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form from 'tad'.

यानम् (yānam) - into the chariot (chariot, vehicle, journey)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yāna

yāna - going, motion, vehicle, chariot

From root yā- (to go).

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Object of jumping into.

चित्रसेनस्य (citrasenasya) - of Chitrasena (proper name) (of Chitrasena)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of citrasena

citrasena - Chitrasena (name of a Gandharva or a warrior)

Compound type : tatpurusha (citra+sena)

• citra – bright, clear, variegated, wonderful
  adjective
• sena – army, host, leader
  noun (masculine)

धन्विनः (dhanvinaḥ) - of the archer (of the archer, bowman)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhanvin

dhanvin - archer, bowman, possessing a bow

From 'dhanu' (bow) with possessive suffix -in.

Note: Adjective-like noun modifying 'citrasenasya'.