महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-92, verse-18

पीडितं नृपतिं दृष्ट्वा तव पुत्रा महारथाः ।
सात्वतं शरवर्षेण छादयामासुरञ्जसा ॥१८॥

18. pīḍitaṁ nṛpatiṁ dṛṣṭvā tava putrā mahārathāḥ ,
sātvataṁ śaravarṣeṇa chādayāmāsurañjasā.

18. pīḍitam nṛpatim dṛṣṭvā tava putrāḥ mahārathāḥ
sātvatam śaravarṣeṇa chādayāmāsuḥ añjasā

18. tava mahārathāḥ putrāḥ pīḍitam nṛpatim dṛṣṭvā
añjasā śaravarṣeṇa sātvatam chādayāmāsuḥ

18. Seeing the king afflicted, your great chariot-warrior sons instantly covered Satyaki with a rain of arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• पीडितम् (pīḍitam) - afflicted, tormented, oppressed, hurt

• नृपतिम् (nṛpatim) - king, lord of men

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• तव (tava) - your

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great chariot-warriors, mighty warriors

• सात्वतम् (sātvatam) - Satyaki (proper name)

• शरवर्षेण (śaravarṣeṇa) - by a rain of arrows, with a shower of arrows

• छादयामासुः (chādayāmāsuḥ) - they covered, they concealed

• अञ्जसा (añjasā) - quickly, instantly (quickly, instantly, immediately, truly, correctly)

Words meanings and morphology

पीडितम् (pīḍitam) - afflicted, tormented, oppressed, hurt

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pīḍita

pīḍita - afflicted, tormented, oppressed, hurt

past passive participle

Past passive participle of root `pīḍ` (to oppress, torment).

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies `nṛpatim`.

नृपतिम् (nṛpatim) - king, lord of men

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, lord of men, ruler

Compound of `nṛ` (man) and `pati` (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, human, leader
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, owner
  noun (masculine)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

From root `dṛś` (to see) with absolutive suffix `tvā`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

Note: Refers to Dhritarashtra.

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great chariot-warriors, mighty warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great chariot-warrior, a warrior capable of fighting 10,000 bowmen

Compound of `mahā` (great) and `ratha` (chariot).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car, warrior (in a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh (class 1)

Note: Apposition to `putrāḥ`.

सात्वतम् (sātvatam) - Satyaki (proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sātvata

sātvata - Satyaki (a hero of the Vṛṣṇi race, another name for Yuyudhāna)

शरवर्षेण (śaravarṣeṇa) - by a rain of arrows, with a shower of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - rain of arrows, shower of arrows

Compound of `śara` (arrow) and `varṣa` (rain).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow, reed
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ (class 1)
• varṣa – rain, showering, year
  noun (neuter)
  From root `vṛṣ` (to rain).
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

छादयामासुः (chādayāmāsuḥ) - they covered, they concealed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of chādayāmāsuḥ

periphrastic perfect (causative stem)

Periphrastic perfect of the causative stem `chādaya` (to cause to cover/cover), formed with the perfect of `as` (to be).

Root: chad (class 10)

अञ्जसा (añjasā) - quickly, instantly (quickly, instantly, immediately, truly, correctly)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental singular of `añjasa` (straight, direct) used adverbially.