महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-157, verse-4

ततो द्वैरथमानीय फल्गुनं शक्रदत्तया ।
न जघान वृषा कस्मात्तन्ममाचक्ष्व संजय ॥४॥

4. tato dvairathamānīya phalgunaṁ śakradattayā ,
na jaghāna vṛṣā kasmāttanmamācakṣva saṁjaya.

4. tataḥ dvairatham ānīya phalgunam śakradattayā
na jaghāna vṛṣā kasmāt tat mama ācakṣva sañjaya

4. sañjaya tataḥ dvairatham ānīya śakradattayā vṛṣā
phalgunam na jaghāna kasmāt tat mama ācakṣva

4. Then, having brought Arjuna to single combat, why did Vṛṣa (Karṇa) not kill him with the spear (śakti) given by Indra? Tell me that, Sanjaya.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, therefore

• द्वैरथम् (dvairatham) - single combat, a fight between two chariots

• आनीय (ānīya) - having brought, having led

• फल्गुनम् (phalgunam) - Arjuna

• शक्रदत्तया (śakradattayā) - with the Śakti (power/weapon) given by Indra (by that given by Indra, with the Indra-given (weapon))

• न (na) - not, no

• जघान (jaghāna) - killed, struck

• वृषा (vṛṣā) - Karṇa (an epithet) (a bull, best of its kind, powerful one)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• तत् (tat) - that

• मम (mama) - to me, my, of me

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, relate

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, therefore

(indeclinable)

द्वैरथम् (dvairatham) - single combat, a fight between two chariots

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dvairatha

dvairatha - single combat, a duel between two charioteers, a fight involving two chariots

Formed from 'dviratha' (two chariots) with an affix indicating a combat of two.

Note: Refers to the situation of a duel.

आनीय (ānīya) - having brought, having led

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Derived from root √nī (to lead) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: nī (class 1)

फल्गुनम् (phalgunam) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (name of a hero), a month in the Hindu calendar

Note: Object of 'ānīya'.

शक्रदत्तया (śakradattayā) - with the Śakti (power/weapon) given by Indra (by that given by Indra, with the Indra-given (weapon))

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śakradattā

śakradattā - given by Indra, Indra-given

Past Passive Participle (datta) compounded with Śakra.

Compound of Śakra (Indra) and Datta (given).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śakra+datta)

• śakra – Indra (name of a deity)
  proper noun (masculine)
• datta – given, granted
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √dā (to give).
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with an implied feminine noun like "śaktyā" (by the śakti weapon).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

जघान (jaghāna) - killed, struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of han

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, Active voice

Reduplicated perfect form of √han.

Root: han (class 2)

वृषा (vṛṣā) - Karṇa (an epithet) (a bull, best of its kind, powerful one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛṣan

vṛṣan - bull, male, best, chief, powerful, (as an epithet) Karṇa

Note: Subject of 'jaghāna'.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of 'kim', used adverbially to mean 'why'.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'ācakṣva'.

मम (mama) - to me, my, of me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I (first person pronoun)

Genitive/Dative singular of 'aham'.

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, relate

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of ācakṣ

Imperative Mood, 2nd person singular, Middle voice

Root √cakṣ (to see, to say) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: Dhritarashtra addressing Sanjaya.

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (the charioteer and confidant of Dhritarashtra)