महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-157, verse-3

आहूतो न निवर्तेयमिति तस्य महाव्रतम् ।
स्वयमाह्वयितव्यः स सूतपुत्रेण फल्गुनः ॥३॥

3. āhūto na nivarteyamiti tasya mahāvratam ,
svayamāhvayitavyaḥ sa sūtaputreṇa phalgunaḥ.

3. āhūtaḥ na nivarteyam iti tasya mahāvratam
svayam āhvayitavyaḥ sa sūtaputreṇa phalgunaḥ

3. tasya mahāvratam iti (asti) āhūtaḥ (san) na nivarteyam
saḥ phalgunaḥ sūtaputreṇa svayam āhvayitavyaḥ

3. "I will not retreat when summoned" – this is his (Karṇa's) great vow. Therefore, Arjuna must be challenged by the son of Sūta (Karṇa) himself.

Words meanings summery:

• आहूतः (āhūtaḥ) - called, summoned, invited, challenged

• न (na) - not, no

• निवर्तेयम् (nivarteyam) - I should turn back, I should retreat

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking direct speech or thought

• तस्य (tasya) - his (Karṇa's) (his, of him)

• महाव्रतम् (mahāvratam) - great vow, solemn observance

• स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, personally, by oneself

• आह्वयितव्यः (āhvayitavyaḥ) - to be challenged, to be summoned

• स (sa) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

• सूतपुत्रेण (sūtaputreṇa) - by Karṇa (by the son of a charioteer)

• फल्गुनः (phalgunaḥ) - Arjuna

Words meanings and morphology

आहूतः (āhūtaḥ) - called, summoned, invited, challenged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhūta

āhūta - called, summoned, invited, challenged

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √hvā (to call) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā (class 1)

Note: Used here adjectivally to describe the state of being summoned.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

निवर्तेयम् (nivarteyam) - I should turn back, I should retreat

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of nivart

Optative Mood, 1st person singular, Active voice

Root vṛt with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking direct speech or thought

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - his (Karṇa's) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

महाव्रतम् (mahāvratam) - great vow, solemn observance

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahāvratam

mahāvratam - a great vow, a solemn observance, an important duty

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+vrata)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, personally, by oneself

(indeclinable)

आह्वयितव्यः (āhvayitavyaḥ) - to be challenged, to be summoned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhvayitavya

āhvayitavya - to be called, to be summoned, to be invited, to be challenged

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

Derived from root √hvā (to call) with prefix ā- and suffix -tavya.

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā (class 1)

स (sa) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Sandhi form of 'saḥ'.

Note: Refers to Arjuna (phalgunaḥ).

सूतपुत्रेण (sūtaputreṇa) - by Karṇa (by the son of a charioteer)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

फल्गुनः (phalgunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (name of a hero), a month in the Hindu calendar