महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-157, verse-31

अयं च प्रत्ययः कर्णे शक्त्या चामितविक्रम ।
किमर्थं सूतपुत्रेण न मुक्ता फल्गुने तु सा ॥३१॥

31. ayaṁ ca pratyayaḥ karṇe śaktyā cāmitavikrama ,
kimarthaṁ sūtaputreṇa na muktā phalgune tu sā.

31. ayam ca pratyayaḥ karṇe śaktyā ca amita-vikrama
kimartham sūtaputreṇa na muktā phalgune tu sā

31. amita-vikrama,
karṇe ca śaktyā ca ayaṃ pratyayaḥ; sūtaputreṇa sā phalgune tu kimartham na muktā?

31. O warrior of immeasurable valor, concerning this conviction (in the power of) Karna and his divine missile (śakti), why was it not released by the son of Sūta (Karna) against Arjuna?

Words meanings summery:

• अयम् (ayam) - this (conviction/question) (this, this one)

• च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

• प्रत्ययः (pratyayaḥ) - conviction (in Karna's power) (conviction, belief, trust, notion, idea)

• कर्णे (karṇe) - in Karna, concerning Karna (in Karna, about Karna)

• शक्त्या (śaktyā) - by his divine missile (śakti) (by power, with strength, by a weapon, by a divine missile)

• च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

• अमित-विक्रम (amita-vikrama) - O you of immeasurable valor (vocative addressing the listener) (of immeasurable valor, of infinite prowess)

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why (why, for what purpose, for what reason)

• सूतपुत्रेण (sūtaputreṇa) - by Karna, the son of Sūta (by the son of Sūta (charioteer))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• मुक्ता (muktā) - released (referring to the śakti) (released, let loose, freed)

• फल्गुने (phalgune) - against Arjuna (in Arjuna, against Arjuna)

• तु (tu) - indeed, but (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

• सा (sā) - that (divine missile/śakti) (she, that (feminine))

Words meanings and morphology

अयम् (ayam) - this (conviction/question) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

प्रत्ययः (pratyayaḥ) - conviction (in Karna's power) (conviction, belief, trust, notion, idea)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratyaya

pratyaya - conviction, belief, trust, notion, idea

From prati-i 'to go towards' + termination -a

Prefix: prati

Root: i (class 2)

कर्णे (karṇe) - in Karna, concerning Karna (in Karna, about Karna)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (proper name), ear

शक्त्या (śaktyā) - by his divine missile (śakti) (by power, with strength, by a weapon, by a divine missile)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śakti

śakti - power, strength, energy, capability, a divine missile

From root śak 'to be able'

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Refers to the divine weapon given to Karna.

च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अमित-विक्रम (amita-vikrama) - O you of immeasurable valor (vocative addressing the listener) (of immeasurable valor, of infinite prowess)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of amita-vikrama

amita-vikrama - of immeasurable valor/prowess

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (amita+vikrama)

• amita – unmeasured, immeasurable, infinite
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root mā 'to measure' with prefix a (negative)
  Prefix: a
  Root: mā (class 3)
• vikrama – valor, prowess, might, step
  noun (masculine)
  From root kram 'to step' with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Used as a vocative.

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why (why, for what purpose, for what reason)

(indeclinable)

Compound of kim (what) and artham (purpose)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage.

सूतपुत्रेण (sūtaputreṇa) - by Karna, the son of Sūta (by the son of Sūta (charioteer))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer, son of Sūta (name for Karna)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, herald, bard
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Karna.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

मुक्ता (muktā) - released (referring to the śakti) (released, let loose, freed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mukta

mukta - released, freed, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

From root muc 'to release'

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective here, implying "was released."

फल्गुने (phalgune) - against Arjuna (in Arjuna, against Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (proper name)

Note: Locative used to indicate "against" or "in the case of" someone.

तु (tu) - indeed, but (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

सा (sā) - that (divine missile/śakti) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she