महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-157, verse-22

कृष्णो हि मूलं पाण्डूनां पार्थः स्कन्ध इवोद्गतः ।
शाखा इवेतरे पार्थाः पाञ्चालाः पत्रसंज्ञिताः ॥२२॥

22. kṛṣṇo hi mūlaṁ pāṇḍūnāṁ pārthaḥ skandha ivodgataḥ ,
śākhā ivetare pārthāḥ pāñcālāḥ patrasaṁjñitāḥ.

22. kṛṣṇaḥ hi mūlam pāṇḍūnām pārthaḥ skandhaḥ iva udgataḥ
| śākhāḥ iva itare pārthāḥ pāñcālāḥ patrasaṃjñitāḥ

22. kṛṣṇaḥ hi pāṇḍūnām mūlam pārthaḥ skandhaḥ iva udgataḥ
itare pārthāḥ śākhāḥ iva pāñcālāḥ patrasaṃjñitāḥ

22. Kṛṣṇa, indeed, is the root of the Pāṇḍavas; Pārtha (Arjuna) is like the trunk that has sprung up. The other Pāṇḍavas are like branches, and the Pāñcālas are designated as the leaves.

Words meanings summery:

• कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, foundation

• पाण्डूनाम् (pāṇḍūnām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Refers to Arjuna. (Pārtha (Arjuna))

• स्कन्धः (skandhaḥ) - Referring to the trunk of a tree in this simile. (trunk (of a tree), shoulder)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उद्गतः (udgataḥ) - Referring to the trunk that has grown from the root. (risen, sprung up, appeared)

• शाखाः (śākhāḥ) - branches

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• इतरे (itare) - Refers to the other Pāṇḍava brothers apart from Arjuna. (the others)

• पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - Refers to the other Pāṇḍavas. (the Pārthas)

• पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Pāñcālas

• पत्रसंज्ञिताः (patrasaṁjñitāḥ) - designated as leaves, considered as leaves

Words meanings and morphology

कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - black, dark; Kṛṣṇa (a proper name)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, foundation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, origin, foundation, base

पाण्डूनाम् (pāṇḍūnām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pāṇḍu; a Pāṇḍava (son of Pāṇḍu)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Refers to Arjuna. (Pārtha (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna (a proper name)

स्कन्धः (skandhaḥ) - Referring to the trunk of a tree in this simile. (trunk (of a tree), shoulder)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of skandha

skandha - shoulder, trunk (of a tree), mass, section

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

उद्गतः (udgataḥ) - Referring to the trunk that has grown from the root. (risen, sprung up, appeared)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udgata

udgata - risen, sprung up, originated, appeared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √gam (to go) with prefix 'ud'.

Prefix: ud

Root: gam (class 1)

शाखाः (śākhāḥ) - branches

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śākhā

śākhā - branch, limb, division

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

इतरे (itare) - Refers to the other Pāṇḍava brothers apart from Arjuna. (the others)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of itara

itara - other, another, different

पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - Refers to the other Pāṇḍavas. (the Pārthas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); a Pāṇḍava

पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Pāñcālas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - Pāñcāla (a people or region); a king of the Pāñcālas

पत्रसंज्ञिताः (patrasaṁjñitāḥ) - designated as leaves, considered as leaves

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of patrasaṃjñita

patrasaṁjñita - designated as leaves, named as leaves

Compound type : bahuvrihi (patra+saṃjñita)

• patra – leaf, feather, letter
  noun (neuter)
• saṃjñita – named, designated, called, known
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √jñā (to know) with prefix saṃ.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: jñā (class 9)