महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-157, verse-32

वासुदेव उवाच ।
दुःशासनश्च कर्णश्च शकुनिश्च ससैन्धवः ।
सततं मन्त्रयन्ति स्म दुर्योधनपुरोगमाः ॥३२॥

32. vāsudeva uvāca ,
duḥśāsanaśca karṇaśca śakuniśca sasaindhavaḥ ,
satataṁ mantrayanti sma duryodhanapurogamāḥ.

32. vāsudeva uvāca duḥśāsanaḥ ca karṇaḥ ca śakuniḥ ca
sasaindhavaḥ satatam mantrayanti sma duryodhanapurōgamāḥ

32. vāsudeva uvāca.
duḥśāsanaḥ ca karṇaḥ ca śakuniḥ ca sasaindhavaḥ,
duryodhanapurōgamāḥ,
satatam mantrayanti sma.

32. Vāsudeva said: Duhshasana, Karna, Shakuni, along with Saindhava (Jayadratha), and led by Duryodhana, were constantly deliberating.

Words meanings summery:

• वासुदेव (vāsudeva) - Vāsudeva (Krishna)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duhshasana (Duhshasana (proper name))

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (Karna (proper name))

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Shakuni (Shakuni (proper name))

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• ससैन्धवः (sasaindhavaḥ) - along with Jayadratha (with Saindhava (Jayadratha))

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly (constantly, perpetually, always)

• मन्त्रयन्ति (mantrayanti) - they were deliberating (they consult, they deliberate, they advise)

• स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past continuous) (a particle indicating past tense with a present verb)

• दुर्योधनपुर्ओगमाः (duryodhanapurōgamāḥ) - led by Duryodhana (having Duryodhana as their chief, led by Duryodhana)

Words meanings and morphology

वासुदेव (vāsudeva) - Vāsudeva (Krishna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - son of Vasudeva, Krishna

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense

Perfect active third person singular of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duhshasana (Duhshasana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duhshasana (one of the Kaurava brothers)

'difficult to rule', from duḥ (bad/difficult) + śāsana (ruling/governing)

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: A Kaurava prince.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (Karna (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (proper name), ear

Note: Son of Sūta, a prominent warrior.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Shakuni (Shakuni (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Shakuni (Gandhara prince), bird

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

ससैन्धवः (sasaindhavaḥ) - along with Jayadratha (with Saindhava (Jayadratha))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sasaindhava

sasaindhava - accompanied by the king of Sindhu, along with Jayadratha

From sa (with) + saindhava (Jayadratha)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+saindhava)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• saindhava – belonging to Sindhu, king of Sindhu, Jayadratha
  proper noun (masculine)
  From sindhu (Sindh region/river) + suffix -a

Note: Describes Duhshasana, Karna, and Shakuni collectively.

सततम् (satatam) - constantly (constantly, perpetually, always)

(indeclinable)

From root tan 'to stretch' with prefix sa, meaning 'constantly stretched'

Prefix: sa

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Functions as an adverb here.

मन्त्रयन्ति (mantrayanti) - they were deliberating (they consult, they deliberate, they advise)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of mantr

Present tense

Present active third person plural of the denominative verb mantrayati (from mantra)

Root: mantr (class 10)

Note: Used with 'sma' to indicate past continuous action.

स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past continuous) (a particle indicating past tense with a present verb)

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनपुर्ओगमाः (duryodhanapurōgamāḥ) - led by Duryodhana (having Duryodhana as their chief, led by Duryodhana)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duryodhanapurōgama

duryodhanapurōgama - having Duryodhana as chief/leader

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (duryodhana+purōgama)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
  From dur (bad) + yodhana (fighter), 'difficult to fight with'
  Prefix: dur
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• purōgama – going before, leading, chief
  noun (masculine)
  From puras (before) + gama (going)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied plural subject (Duhshasana, Karna, Shakuni, Saindhava).