महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-157, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
एकवीरवधे मोघा शक्तिः सूतात्मजे यदा ।
कस्मात्सर्वान्समुत्सृज्य स तां पार्थे न मुक्तवान् ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
ekavīravadhe moghā śaktiḥ sūtātmaje yadā ,
kasmātsarvānsamutsṛjya sa tāṁ pārthe na muktavān.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca ekavīravadhe moghā śaktiḥ sūtātmaje
yadā kasmāt sarvān samutsṛjya sa tām pārthe na muktavān

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca yadā ekavīravadhe sūtātmaje śaktiḥ moghā,
kasmāt sa sarvān samutsṛjya tām pārthe na muktavān?

1. Dhritarashtra said: When the `śakti` (divine power/weapon) for killing the sole warrior became futile on the son of Sūta (Karṇa), why did he not, abandoning all others, release it against Arjuna?

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एकवीरवधे (ekavīravadhe) - in the killing of the sole warrior, concerning the slaying of the one hero

• मोघा (moghā) - futile, in vain, useless

• शक्तिः (śaktiḥ) - the divine dart given to Karṇa by Indra (power, strength, divine power, weapon (śakti))

• सूतात्मजे (sūtātmaje) - referring to Karṇa (on the son of Sūta (Karṇa))

• यदा (yadā) - when

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all other enemies (all (others))

• समुत्सृज्य (samutsṛjya) - abandoning, giving up, having let go

• स (sa) - Karṇa (he)

• ताम् (tām) - the śakti (divine power/weapon) (her, that (feminine))

• पार्थे (pārthe) - towards Arjuna (on Arjuna, to Arjuna)

• न (na) - not

• मुक्तवान् (muktavān) - released, discharged, let go

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (name of the blind king, father of the Kauravas)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, Parasmaipada

From root vac (class 2) in the perfect tense.

Root: vac (class 2)

एकवीरवधे (ekavīravadhe) - in the killing of the sole warrior, concerning the slaying of the one hero

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ekavīravadha

ekavīravadha - the slaying of a single/unique hero

Tatpuruṣa compound: eka-vīra (single hero) + vadha (killing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (eka+vīra+vadha)

• eka – one, single, unique
  numeral
• vīra – hero, brave man, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vīr (class 10)
• vadha – killing, slaying
  noun (masculine)
  From root vadh (to strike, kill).
  Root: vadh (class 1)

मोघा (moghā) - futile, in vain, useless

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mogha

mogha - futile, vain, useless, fruitless

Root: muh (class 4)

शक्तिः (śaktiḥ) - the divine dart given to Karṇa by Indra (power, strength, divine power, weapon (śakti))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śakti

śakti - power, strength, capability, divine energy, weapon

From root śak (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

सूतात्मजे (sūtātmaje) - referring to Karṇa (on the son of Sūta (Karṇa))

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sūtātmaja

sūtātmaja - son of a charioteer (sūta), Karṇa

Tatpuruṣa compound: sūta (charioteer) + ātmaja (son).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+ātmaja)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
  From root sū (to impel, to give birth).
  Root: sū (class 2)
• ātmaja – son, born from oneself
  noun (masculine)
  From ātman + ja (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

Formed from relative pronoun yad.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of kim (neuter), used adverbially.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all other enemies (all (others))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Accusative plural masculine.

समुत्सृज्य (samutsṛjya) - abandoning, giving up, having let go

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root sṛj (class 6) with prefixes sam and ut.

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

स (sa) - Karṇa (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Nominative singular masculine of tad.

ताम् (tām) - the śakti (divine power/weapon) (her, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she

Accusative singular feminine of tad.

Note: Object of muktavān.

पार्थे (pārthe) - towards Arjuna (on Arjuna, to Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Derived from pṛthā (Kuntī) + aṇ suffix.

Note: Locative here indicates direction or target ('against Arjuna').

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

मुक्तवान् (muktavān) - released, discharged, let go

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muc

muc - to release, free, discharge

Past Active Participle

From root muc (class 6) + ktavat suffix.

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Functions as the main verb ('He did not release').