महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-54, verse-8

सात्यकिस्तु रथं त्यक्त्वा वर्तमाने महाभये ।
अभिमन्यो रथं तूर्णमारुरोह परंतपः ॥८॥

8. sātyakistu rathaṁ tyaktvā vartamāne mahābhaye ,
abhimanyo rathaṁ tūrṇamāruroha paraṁtapaḥ.

8. sātyakiḥ tu ratham tyaktvā vartamāne mahābhaye
abhimanyoḥ ratham tūrṇam ārūroha paraṃtapaḥ

8. tu paraṃtapaḥ sātyakiḥ mahābhaye vartamāne
ratham tyaktvā tūrṇam abhimanyoḥ ratham ārūroha

8. But Satyaki, the scorcher of foes, abandoning his own chariot amidst the great danger, swiftly mounted Abhimanyu's chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - the Yadava warrior (Satyaki (proper noun))

• तु (tu) - indicates a contrast or continuation (but, indeed, however)

• रथम् (ratham) - his own chariot (chariot)

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - after leaving his damaged chariot (having abandoned, having left)

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while a great danger was present (existing, being present, current)

• महाभये (mahābhaye) - amidst the intense peril of battle (in great fear, in great danger)

• अभिमन्योः (abhimanyoḥ) - belonging to Abhimanyu (of Abhimanyu)

• रथम् (ratham) - Abhimanyu's chariot (chariot)

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - with speed, without delay (quickly, swiftly)

• आरूरोह (ārūroha) - he got onto Abhimanyu's chariot (he ascended, he climbed, he mounted)

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - epithet highlighting Satyaki's prowess in battle (scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies)

Words meanings and morphology

सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - the Yadava warrior (Satyaki (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Satyaki (a Yadava warrior)

Note: Subject of 'ārūroha'.

तु (tu) - indicates a contrast or continuation (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

रथम् (ratham) - his own chariot (chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Object of 'tyaktvā'.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - after leaving his damaged chariot (having abandoned, having left)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'tyaj' with suffix '-tvā'

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Indicates a prior action.

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while a great danger was present (existing, being present, current)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - present, existing, being

Present Active Participle (Middle voice)

Derived from root 'vṛt' (to be, to exist) with suffix '-māna'

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

महाभये (mahābhaye) - amidst the intense peril of battle (in great fear, in great danger)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahābhaya

mahābhaya - great fear, terrible danger

Compound: 'mahā' (great) + 'bhaya' (fear, danger)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā+bhaya)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bhaya – fear, danger, terror
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction, indicating the circumstances.

अभिमन्योः (abhimanyoḥ) - belonging to Abhimanyu (of Abhimanyu)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of abhimanyu

abhimanyu - Abhimanyu (son of Arjuna and Subhadra)

Note: Possessive, indicating ownership of the chariot.

रथम् (ratham) - Abhimanyu's chariot (chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Object of 'ārūroha'.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - with speed, without delay (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of neuter singular of participle 'tūrṇa'.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Adverb describing how he mounted.

आरूरोह (ārūroha) - he got onto Abhimanyu's chariot (he ascended, he climbed, he mounted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ruh

Perfect tense, third person singular, active voice. Root 'ruh' with upasarga 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - epithet highlighting Satyaki's prowess in battle (scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies (an epithet)

Compound: 'param' (enemy) + 'tapa' (scorcher, tormentor)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (param+tapa)

• param – enemy, foe, adversary
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – heating, scorching, tormenting
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'tap' (to heat, torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Epithet for Satyaki.