महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-54, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
ततस्ते पार्थिवाः क्रुद्धाः फल्गुनं वीक्ष्य संयुगे ।
रथैरनेकसाहस्रैः समन्तात्पर्यवारयन् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tataste pārthivāḥ kruddhāḥ phalgunaṁ vīkṣya saṁyuge ,
rathairanekasāhasraiḥ samantātparyavārayan.

1. sañjaya uvāca | tataḥ te pārthivāḥ kruddhāḥ phalgunaṃ vīkṣya
saṃyuge | rathaiḥ anekasāhasraiḥ samantāt paryavārayan

1. sañjaya uvāca tataḥ kruddhāḥ te pārthivāḥ saṃyuge phalgunaṃ
vīkṣya anekasāhasraiḥ rathaiḥ samantāt paryavārayan

1. Sanjaya said: Then, those enraged kings, after seeing Arjuna (phalguna) in battle, surrounded him from all sides with thousands of chariots.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• ते (te) - they, those

• पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings, rulers

• क्रुद्धाः (kruddhāḥ) - enraged, angry

• फल्गुनं (phalgunaṁ) - Arjuna

• वीक्ष्य (vīkṣya) - having seen, after seeing

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

• रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots

• अनेकसाहस्रैः (anekasāhasraiḥ) - by many thousands

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

• पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect, 3rd person, singular, active voice of root vac (changed to uvāc)

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: masculine nominative plural

पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings, rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - relating to the earth; a king, ruler

क्रुद्धाः (kruddhāḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry

Past Passive Participle

from root 'krudh' (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: modifies 'pārthivāḥ'

फल्गुनं (phalgunaṁ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (name)

वीक्ष्य (vīkṣya) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from root īkṣ (to see) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, war

रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

अनेकसाहस्रैः (anekasāhasraiḥ) - by many thousands

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anekasāhasra

anekasāhasra - many thousands, consisting of many thousands

Compound type : bahuvrihi (aneka+sāhasra)

• aneka – not one, many
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: a
• sāhasra – relating to a thousand, a thousandfold, consisting of thousands
  adjective (masculine)
  from sahasra (thousand)

Note: modifies 'rathaiḥ'

समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

(indeclinable)

पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛ

Imperfect Active

Imperfect, 3rd person, plural, active voice of root vṛ with prefixes pari + ava

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)