महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-54, verse-31

संनिवृत्तांस्ततस्तांस्तु दृष्ट्वा राजा सुयोधनः ।
अब्रवीत्त्वरितो गत्वा भीष्मं शांतनवं वचः ॥३१॥

31. saṁnivṛttāṁstatastāṁstu dṛṣṭvā rājā suyodhanaḥ ,
abravīttvarito gatvā bhīṣmaṁ śāṁtanavaṁ vacaḥ.

31. saṃnivṛttān tataḥ tān tu dṛṣṭvā rājā suyodhanaḥ
abravīt tvaritaḥ gatvā bhīṣmaṃ śāntanavaṃ vacaḥ

31. tataḥ rājā suyodhanaḥ tān tu saṃnivṛttān dṛṣṭvā,
tvaritaḥ gatvā śāntanavaṃ bhīṣmaṃ vacaḥ abravīt.

31. Then, King Suyodhana, seeing those (warriors) who had returned, quickly went and spoke these words to Bhishma, son of Shantanu.

Words meanings summery:

• संनिवृत्तान् (saṁnivṛttān) - those (warriors) who had returned (returned, turned back, come back)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefore, from there

• तान् (tān) - those (returned warriors) (them, those)

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• राजा (rājā) - king

• सुयोधनः (suyodhanaḥ) - Suyodhana

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - quickly (having hastened) (hastened, quick, swift)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• भीष्मं (bhīṣmaṁ) - Bhishma

• शान्तनवं (śāntanavaṁ) - son of Shantanu

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

Words meanings and morphology

संनिवृत्तान् (saṁnivṛttān) - those (warriors) who had returned (returned, turned back, come back)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saṃnivṛtta

saṁnivṛtta - returned, turned back, ceased, finished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √vṛt ('to turn, to be') with prefixes sam ('together, completely') and ni ('down, back, in').

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Functions as a substantive, referring to 'those who had returned'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefore, from there

(indeclinable)

तान् (tān) - those (returned warriors) (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used for emphasis.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from √dṛś ('to see').

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

सुयोधनः (suyodhanaḥ) - Suyodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suyodhana

suyodhana - Suyodhana (a proper name, another name for Duryodhana)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect

Root √brū ('to speak'). Imperfect 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: brū (class 2)

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - quickly (having hastened) (hastened, quick, swift)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - hastened, quick, swift, urgent

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √tvar ('to hasten').

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Modifies the subject 'Suyodhanaḥ', indicating he was quick or hastened when going.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from √gam ('to go').

Root: gam (class 1)

भीष्मं (bhīṣmaṁ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name)

शान्तनवं (śāntanavaṁ) - son of Shantanu

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - descendant of Shantanu, relating to Shantanu

Derived from Shantanu with an aṇ affix (Śāntanu + aṇ).

Note: Agrees with 'bhīṣmam'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

Derived from √vac ('to speak').

Root: vac (class 2)