महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-54, verse-27

ततो दुर्योधनो राजा समाश्वस्य विशां पते ।
न्यवर्तयत तत्सैन्यं द्रवमाणं समन्ततः ॥२७॥

27. tato duryodhano rājā samāśvasya viśāṁ pate ,
nyavartayata tatsainyaṁ dravamāṇaṁ samantataḥ.

27. tatas duryodhanaḥ rājā samāśvasya viśām pate
nyavartayata tat sainyam dravamāṇam samantataḥ

27. viśām pate tatas rājā duryodhanaḥ samāśvasya
samantataḥ dravamāṇam tat sainyam nyavartayata

27. Then King Duryodhana, O lord of men, having consoled it, turned back that army which was fleeing from all sides.

Words meanings summery:

• ततस् (tatas) - then, subsequently (then, thence, therefore)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (the king) (Duryodhana)

• राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler)

• समाश्वस्य (samāśvasya) - having consoled (the army) (having comforted, having reassured, having encouraged)

• विशाम् (viśām) - of men/people (in vocative address) (of people, of subjects)

• पते (pate) - O lord (of men/people) (O lord, O master)

• न्यवर्तयत (nyavartayata) - he caused (the army) to turn back (he caused to turn back, he turned back)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the army) (that, it)

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army (army, host)

• द्रवमाणम् (dravamāṇam) - fleeing (as it was) (fleeing, running, flowing)

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, everywhere, completely)

Words meanings and morphology

ततस् (tatas) - then, subsequently (then, thence, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -tas added to the pronoun base 'tad'.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (the king) (Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (a Kuru prince, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

Note: Appositional to 'duryodhanaḥ'.

समाश्वस्य (samāśvasya) - having consoled (the army) (having comforted, having reassured, having encouraged)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root √śvas (to breathe, recover) with prefixes sam- and ā-, and the suffix -ya (lyap).

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: √śvas (class 2)

Note: The agent is Duryodhana.

विशाम् (viśām) - of men/people (in vocative address) (of people, of subjects)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community, clan

पते (pate) - O lord (of men/people) (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, owner

Note: Used in a vocative compound 'viśām pate', addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

न्यवर्तयत (nyavartayata) - he caused (the army) to turn back (he caused to turn back, he turned back)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ni-√vṛt

Imperfect Active, Causative

Imperfect 3rd person singular of the causative form of the root √vṛt (to turn, revolve) with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: √vṛt (class 1)

Note: The main verb, with 'duryodhanaḥ' as the subject.

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the army) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Modifies 'sainyam'.

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army (army, host)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military force

Derived from 'senā' (army) with the suffix -ya.

Note: Object of 'nyavartayata'.

द्रवमाणम् (dravamāṇam) - fleeing (as it was) (fleeing, running, flowing)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dravamāṇa

dravamāṇa - fleeing, running, flowing, swift

Present Middle Participle

Formed from the root √dru (to run) with the suffix -śānac.

Root: √dru (class 1)

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, everywhere, completely)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'samanta' (all around) with the suffix -tas.