महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-54, verse-14

तत्राद्भुतमपश्याम हैडिम्बस्य पराक्रमम् ।
अतीत्य पितरं युद्धे यदयुध्यत भारत ॥१४॥

14. tatrādbhutamapaśyāma haiḍimbasya parākramam ,
atītya pitaraṁ yuddhe yadayudhyata bhārata.

14. tatra adbhutam apaśyāma haiḍimbasya parākramam
| atītya pitaram yuddhe yat ayudhyata bhārata

14. bhārata,
tatra haiḍimbasya adbhutam parākramam apaśyāma,
yat [saḥ] pitaram atītya yuddhe ayudhyata.

14. O Bhārata, there we witnessed the amazing prowess of Hidiṁba's son (Ghaṭotkaca), as he fought in battle, surpassing even his father.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - in that battle or situation mentioned previously (there, in that place)

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - extraordinary and awe-inspiring prowess (wondrous, amazing, miraculous)

• अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we observed, we witnessed (we saw, we perceived)

• हैडिम्बस्य (haiḍimbasya) - referring to Ghaṭotkaca, son of Bhīma and the rākṣasī Hiḍimbā (of Hidiṁba's son, of Ghaṭotkaca)

• पराक्रमम् (parākramam) - the courageous and mighty actions in battle (valor, prowess, heroism)

• अतीत्य (atītya) - Ghaṭotkaca exceeding his father's fighting ability (having surpassed, having overcome, having gone beyond)

• पितरम् (pitaram) - referring to Bhīmasena, Ghaṭotkaca's father (father)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - during the fighting (in battle, in war)

• यत् (yat) - introducing the clause explaining what was wonderful about his prowess (that which, because, since)

• अयुध्यत (ayudhyata) - Ghaṭotkaca engaged in battle (he fought)

• भारत (bhārata) - addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (son of Bhārata's lineage) (O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - in that battle or situation mentioned previously (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - extraordinary and awe-inspiring prowess (wondrous, amazing, miraculous)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, marvelous, extraordinary, amazing

अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we observed, we witnessed (we saw, we perceived)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of apaśyāma

Imperfect

Imperfect tense, 1st person, plural, active voice. Root dṛś (changes to paśya in present/imperfect stems).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

हैडिम्बस्य (haiḍimbasya) - referring to Ghaṭotkaca, son of Bhīma and the rākṣasī Hiḍimbā (of Hidiṁba's son, of Ghaṭotkaca)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of haiḍimba

haiḍimba - son of Hiḍimbā (Ghaṭotkaca)

Patronymic from Hiḍimbā (mother's name).

पराक्रमम् (parākramam) - the courageous and mighty actions in battle (valor, prowess, heroism)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parākrama

parākrama - prowess, valor, heroism, strength

Derived from root kram (to step, go) with upasarga parā.

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)

अतीत्य (atītya) - Ghaṭotkaca exceeding his father's fighting ability (having surpassed, having overcome, having gone beyond)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root i (to go) with upasarga ati, and the suffix -tya.

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

पितरम् (pitaram) - referring to Bhīmasena, Ghaṭotkaca's father (father)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

युद्धे (yuddhe) - during the fighting (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

Derived from root yudh (to fight) as a past passive participle, used as a noun.

Root: yudh (class 4)

यत् (yat) - introducing the clause explaining what was wonderful about his prowess (that which, because, since)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that, because, since

Note: Used here as a conjunction 'that (he fought)' or 'because (he fought)'.

अयुध्यत (ayudhyata) - Ghaṭotkaca engaged in battle (he fought)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of ayudhyata

Imperfect

Imperfect tense, 3rd person, singular, middle voice (ātmanepada). Root yudh.

Root: yudh (class 4)

भारत (bhārata) - addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (son of Bhārata's lineage) (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, India

Derived from Bharata with suffix -a.