महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-54, verse-30

पुनरावर्ततां तेषां वेग आसीद्विशां पते ।
पूर्यतः सागरस्येव चन्द्रस्योदयनं प्रति ॥३०॥

30. punarāvartatāṁ teṣāṁ vega āsīdviśāṁ pate ,
pūryataḥ sāgarasyeva candrasyodayanaṁ prati.

30. punaḥ āvartatām teṣām vegaḥ āsīt viśām pate
pūryataḥ sāgarasya iva candrasya udayanaṃ prati

30. viśām pate,
teṣām punaḥ āvartatām vegaḥ candrasya udayanaṃ prati sāgarasya pūryataḥ iva āsīt.

30. O lord of the people, the impetus of those (warriors) returning was like the ocean swelling at the rising of the moon.

Words meanings summery:

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back, furthermore

• आवर्तताम् (āvartatām) - of those (warriors) who were returning (of those returning, of the ones turning back)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (warriors) (of them, of those)

• वेगः (vegaḥ) - impetus (of their return) (speed, impetus, force, velocity)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord, O master

• पूर्यतः (pūryataḥ) - of the swelling (of the ocean) (of the swelling, of the filling, in the state of swelling)

• सागरस्य (sāgarasya) - of the ocean, of the sea

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• चन्द्रस्य (candrasya) - of the moon

• उदयनं (udayanaṁ) - rising (of the moon) (rising, ascent, beginning)

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, concerning, in relation to

Words meanings and morphology

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back, furthermore

(indeclinable)

आवर्तताम् (āvartatām) - of those (warriors) who were returning (of those returning, of the ones turning back)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of āvartat

āvartat - returning, turning back

Present Participle

Derived from √vṛt ('to turn, to be') with prefix ā ('towards, back'). Present Participle, active voice.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Functions as a substantive here.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (warriors) (of them, of those)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

वेगः (vegaḥ) - impetus (of their return) (speed, impetus, force, velocity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, impetus, force, current, stream

Derived from √vij ('to move quickly').

Root: vij (class 3)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect

Root √as ('to be'). Imperfect 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: as (class 2)

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, community, subjects, settlement

पते (pate) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - master, lord, husband

पूर्यतः (pūryataḥ) - of the swelling (of the ocean) (of the swelling, of the filling, in the state of swelling)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pūryat

pūryat - filling, swelling

Present Passive Participle

Derived from √pṛ ('to fill') in its passive stem. The 'taḥ' ending here functions as a genitive/ablative case marker for the participle acting as a noun.

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Grammatically genitive singular of the participle, acting adjectivally to 'sāgarasya' but also carrying an inherent noun-like quality of 'the swelling'.

सागरस्य (sāgarasya) - of the ocean, of the sea

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

Derived from 'sagara' (a king) or 'sa' + 'gara' (with poison/water).

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

चन्द्रस्य (candrasya) - of the moon

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of candra

candra - moon, luminous, shining

उदयनं (udayanaṁ) - rising (of the moon) (rising, ascent, beginning)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of udayana

udayana - rising, ascent, going up, beginning

Derived from √i ('to go') with prefix ud ('up').

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, concerning, in relation to

(indeclinable)