महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-54, verse-2

अथैनं रथवृन्देन कोष्टकीकृत्य भारत ।
शरैः सुबहुसाहस्रैः समन्तादभ्यवारयन् ॥२॥

2. athainaṁ rathavṛndena koṣṭakīkṛtya bhārata ,
śaraiḥ subahusāhasraiḥ samantādabhyavārayan.

2. atha enam rathavṛndena koṣṭakīkṛtya bhārata |
śaraiḥ subahusāhasraiḥ samantāt abhyavārayan

2. atha bhārata,
rathavṛndena enam koṣṭakīkṛtya,
subahusāhasraiḥ śaraiḥ samantāt abhyavārayan

2. Then, O Bhārata (meaning Dhṛtarāṣṭra), having encircled him (Arjuna) with a multitude of chariots as if forming a fortress, they showered him from all sides with many thousands of arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now

• एनम् (enam) - Refers to Arjuna. (him, this one)

• रथवृन्देन (rathavṛndena) - by a multitude of chariots, by a group of chariots

• कोष्टकीकृत्य (koṣṭakīkṛtya) - having made into a fortress/enclosure, having enclosed

• भारत (bhārata) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, addressed by Sanjaya. (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• सुबहुसाहस्रैः (subahusāhasraiḥ) - by very many thousands

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

• अभ्यवारयन् (abhyavārayan) - In context of 'śaraiḥ', it means "they showered (with arrows)". (they showered, they covered, they surrounded)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - Refers to Arjuna. (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him

रथवृन्देन (rathavṛndena) - by a multitude of chariots, by a group of chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rathavṛnda

rathavṛnda - multitude/group of chariots

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+vṛnda)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• vṛnda – multitude, heap, group
  noun (neuter)

कोष्टकीकृत्य (koṣṭakīkṛtya) - having made into a fortress/enclosure, having enclosed

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from koṣṭaka (enclosure, fortress) + √kṛ (to make) with -tya suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

भारत (bhārata) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, addressed by Sanjaya. (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

सुबहुसाहस्रैः (subahusāhasraiḥ) - by very many thousands

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of subahusāhasra

subahusāhasra - consisting of very many thousands

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+bahu+sāhasra)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• bahu – many, much
  adjective (masculine)
• sāhasra – consisting of a thousand, thousands
  adjective (masculine)
  from sahasra (thousand)

Note: modifies 'śaraiḥ'

समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

(indeclinable)

अभ्यवारयन् (abhyavārayan) - In context of 'śaraiḥ', it means "they showered (with arrows)". (they showered, they covered, they surrounded)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛ

Imperfect Active

Imperfect, 3rd person, plural, active voice of root vṛ with prefixes abhi + ava

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)