महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-54, verse-29

तान्निवृत्तान्समीक्ष्यैव ततोऽन्येऽपीतरे जनाः ।
अन्योन्यस्पर्धया राजँल्लज्जयान्येऽवतस्थिरे ॥२९॥

29. tānnivṛttānsamīkṣyaiva tato'nye'pītare janāḥ ,
anyonyaspardhayā rājaँllajjayānye'vatasthire.

29. tān nivṛttān samīkṣya eva tataḥ anye api itare janāḥ
anyonya-spardhayā rājan lajjayā anye avatastire

29. rājan,
tān nivṛttān samīkṣya eva,
tataḥ anye api itare janāḥ anyonya-spardhayā lajjayā anye avatastire.

29. O King, seeing those who had retreated turn back, the other remaining people, too, then stood firm, driven by mutual competition and shame.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those (warriors who had retreated) (them, those)

• निवृत्तान् (nivṛttān) - those (warriors) who had retreated (returned, retreated, ceased)

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, observing, perceiving

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, certainly, only

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefore, from there

• अन्ये (anye) - other (people) (others, some)

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• इतरे (itare) - the remaining (people) (the other, the remaining)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

• अन्योन्य-स्पर्धया (anyonya-spardhayā) - by mutual competition/rivalry

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• लज्जया (lajjayā) - by shame, from shame

• अन्ये (anye) - these (other people) (others, some)

• अवतस्तिरे (avatastire) - they stood still, remained, stood firm

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those (warriors who had retreated) (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

निवृत्तान् (nivṛttān) - those (warriors) who had retreated (returned, retreated, ceased)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - returned, retreated, ceased, turned back

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √vṛt ('to turn, to be') with prefix ni ('down, back, in').

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Functions as a substantive here, referring to 'those who had retreated'.

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, observing, perceiving

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from √īkṣ ('to see, behold') with prefixes sam ('together, completely') and ā ('to, near').

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefore, from there

(indeclinable)

अन्ये (anye) - other (people) (others, some)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

इतरे (itare) - the remaining (people) (the other, the remaining)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of itara

itara - other, different, inferior

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - man, person, people, folk

अन्योन्य-स्पर्धया (anyonya-spardhayā) - by mutual competition/rivalry

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of anyonya-spardhā

anyonya-spardhā - mutual competition, rivalry among themselves

Compound type : tatpurusha (anyonya+spardhā)

• anyonya – mutual, reciprocal, each other
  pronoun
• spardhā – competition, rivalry, emulation
  noun (feminine)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

लज्जया (lajjayā) - by shame, from shame

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of lajjā

lajjā - shame, modesty, bashfulness

अन्ये (anye) - these (other people) (others, some)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Refers to the same group as 'itare janāḥ'.

अवतस्तिरे (avatastire) - they stood still, remained, stood firm

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of avatastire

Perfect, Middle Voice

Root √sthā with prefix ava. Perfect 3rd person plural, middle voice.

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)