महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-106, verse-41

ततः क्रुद्धो रणे पार्थः शरान्संधाय कार्मुके ।
प्रेषयामास समरे स्वर्णपुङ्खाञ्शिलाशितान् ॥४१॥

41. tataḥ kruddho raṇe pārthaḥ śarānsaṁdhāya kārmuke ,
preṣayāmāsa samare svarṇapuṅkhāñśilāśitān.

41. tataḥ kruddhaḥ raṇe pārthaḥ śarān saṃdhāya
kārmuke preṣayāmāsa samare svarṇapuṅkhān śilāśitān

41. tataḥ raṇe kruddhaḥ pārthaḥ kārmuke śarān saṃdhāya
samare svarṇapuṅkhān śilāśitān preṣayāmāsa

41. Then, enraged in battle, Pārtha (Arjuna) strung arrows on his bow and dispatched into the fight golden-feathered, stone-sharpened arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, next (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (Arjuna) (enraged, angry, furious)

• रणे (raṇe) - in the battle (in battle, in war, on the battlefield)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (Pārtha, Arjuna)

• शरान् (śarān) - (golden-feathered, stone-sharpened) arrows (arrows)

• संधाय (saṁdhāya) - having strung (arrows) (having placed, having fixed, having joined, having strung)

• कार्मुके (kārmuke) - on his bow (on the bow)

• प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - Arjuna dispatched (arrows) (he dispatched, sent forth)

• समरे (samare) - into the battle/conflict (in battle, in conflict)

• स्वर्णपुङ्खान् (svarṇapuṅkhān) - arrows with golden tail-feathers (golden-feathered (arrows))

• शिलाशितान् (śilāśitān) - (arrows) sharpened on stone (sharpened on stone)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, next (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks sequence of events.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (Arjuna) (enraged, angry, furious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root krodh (क्रुध्) with suffix -ta (त)

Root: krodh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'pārthaḥ'.

रणे (raṇe) - in the battle (in battle, in war, on the battlefield)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, war

Note: Indicates location of action.

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (Pārtha, Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna

Formed with suffix -a from Pṛthā (another name for Kunti), denoting lineage.

Note: Subject of 'preṣayāmāsa'.

शरान् (śarān) - (golden-feathered, stone-sharpened) arrows (arrows)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Note: Object of 'saṃdhāya' (implied) and 'preṣayāmāsa'.

संधाय (saṁdhāya) - having strung (arrows) (having placed, having fixed, having joined, having strung)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root dhā (धा) 'to place' with prefix sam (सम्), and suffix -ya.

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Adverbial participle describing an action completed before the main verb.

कार्मुके (kārmuke) - on his bow (on the bow)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kārmuka

kārmuka - bow (made of kārmuka wood)

Note: Location for 'saṃdhāya'.

प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - Arjuna dispatched (arrows) (he dispatched, sent forth)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pra-iṣ

Periphrastic Perfect (Causative)

Causative of root iṣ (इष्, to send) with prefix pra (प्र), 3rd person singular, periphrastic perfect active. Formed with auxiliary 'ās' (आस्).

Prefix: pra

Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

समरे (samare) - into the battle/conflict (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, conflict, war

Note: Indicates location of action.

स्वर्णपुङ्खान् (svarṇapuṅkhān) - arrows with golden tail-feathers (golden-feathered (arrows))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of svarṇapuṅkha

svarṇapuṅkha - golden-feathered, with golden tail

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (svarṇa+puṅkha)

• svarṇa – gold, golden
  noun (neuter)
• puṅkha – tail-feather (of an arrow), tail
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'śarān'.

शिलाशितान् (śilāśitān) - (arrows) sharpened on stone (sharpened on stone)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śilāśita

śilāśita - stone-sharpened

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śilā+śita)

• śilā – stone, rock
  noun (feminine)
• śita – sharpened, keen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root śo (शो) or śā (शा) 'to sharpen' with suffix '-ta'.
  Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'śarān'.