महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-106, verse-24

दुःशासनो महाराज भयं त्यक्त्वा महारथः ।
भीष्मस्य जीविताकाङ्क्षी धनंजयमुपाद्रवत् ॥२४॥

24. duḥśāsano mahārāja bhayaṁ tyaktvā mahārathaḥ ,
bhīṣmasya jīvitākāṅkṣī dhanaṁjayamupādravat.

24. duḥśāsanaḥ mahārāja bhayaṃ tyaktvā mahārathaḥ
bhīṣmasya jīvita ākāṅkṣī dhanaṃjayam upādravat

24. mahārāja duḥśāsanaḥ mahārathaḥ bhayaṃ tyaktvā
bhīṣmasya jīvita ākāṅkṣī dhanaṃjayam upādravat

24. O great king (mahārāja), the great warrior (mahārathaḥ) Duḥśāsana, abandoning fear and desiring Bhīṣma's life (jīvitākāṅkṣī), rushed towards Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duhshasana

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Refers to Dhritarashtra. (O great king)

• भयं (bhayaṁ) - fear

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left, having forsaken

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - Refers to Duhshasana. (great warrior, great charioteer)

• भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhishma

• जीवित (jīvita) - life, living

• आकाङ्क्षी (ākāṅkṣī) - Desiring Bhishma's life. (desiring, wishing for)

• धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - Dhananjaya (Arjuna)

• उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - he rushed towards, attacked

Words meanings and morphology

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duhshasana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duhshasana (one of the Kauravas)

Note: Subject of the verb `upādravat`.

महाराज (mahārāja) - Refers to Dhritarashtra. (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
  Feminine stem of `mahat`.
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra by Sanjaya.

भयं (bhayaṁ) - fear

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

From root `bhī` (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of `tyaktvā`.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left, having forsaken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed by adding `ktvā` suffix to root `tyaj`.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - Refers to Duhshasana. (great warrior, great charioteer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, great charioteer

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
  Feminine stem of `mahat`.
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who rides a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram

Note: Epithet for Duḥśāsana.

भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhishma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper noun, grandfather of Kauravas and Pandavas)

Root: bhī

Note: Connects to `jīvitākāṅkṣī`.

जीवित (jīvita) - life, living

(noun)

neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence; alive (past passive participle)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `jīv` (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

आकाङ्क्षी (ākāṅkṣī) - Desiring Bhishma's life. (desiring, wishing for)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ākāṅkṣin

ākāṅkṣin - desiring, wishing, longing for

Agent noun / adjective

From root `kāṅkṣ` (to desire) with prefix `ā`, forming an agent noun with `in` suffix.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīvita+ākāṅkṣin)

• jīvita – life, existence
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• ākāṅkṣin – desiring, wishing for
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun / adjective
  From root `kāṅkṣ` with prefix `ā`.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Describes Duḥśāsana.

धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - Dhananjaya (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - Dhananjaya (epithet of Arjuna, 'conqueror of wealth')

Compound.

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā
• jaya – victory, conquest; conquering
  noun (masculine)
  From root `ji` (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of `upādravat`.

उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - he rushed towards, attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upa-dru

Imperfect, Parasmaipada

From root `dru` (to run) with prefix `upa`. Imperfect `a` + `upa-drav` + `at`.

Prefix: upa

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.