महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-106, verse-40

अप्राप्तानेव तान्बाणांश्चिच्छेद तनयस्तव ।
यतमानस्य पार्थस्य तदद्भुतमिवाभवत् ।
पार्थं च निशितैर्बाणैरविध्यत्तनयस्तव ॥४०॥

40. aprāptāneva tānbāṇāṁściccheda tanayastava ,
yatamānasya pārthasya tadadbhutamivābhavat ,
pārthaṁ ca niśitairbāṇairavidhyattanayastava.

40. aprāptān eva tān bāṇān ciccheda
tanayaḥ tava yatamānasya pārthasya tat
adbhutam iva abhavat pārtham ca
niśitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ avidhyat tanayaḥ tava

40. tava tanayaḥ eva tān bāṇān aprāptān
ciccheda pārthasya yatamānasya tat
adbhutam iva abhavat ca tava tanayaḥ
pārtham niśitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ avidhyat

40. Indeed, your son (Duryodhana) cut off those arrows before they even reached him. That feat, considering Pārtha's (Arjuna) strenuous effort, was truly wondrous. And your son (Duryodhana) then pierced Pārtha (Arjuna) with sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• अप्राप्तान् (aprāptān) - before they reached (him) (not having reached, unobtained)

• एव (eva) - indeed, even (emphasizes immediacy) (indeed, only, just, exactly)

• तान् (tān) - those (arrows) (those)

• बाणान् (bāṇān) - those arrows (from Arjuna) (arrows)

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he (Duryodhana) shattered (the arrows) (he cut, cut off, pierced, shattered)

• तनयः (tanayaḥ) - your son (Duryodhana) (son)

• तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhritarashtra's son, Duryodhana) (your, of you)

• यतमानस्य (yatamānasya) - of the striving (Pārtha/Arjuna) (striving, endeavoring, exerting oneself)

• पार्थस्य (pārthasya) - of Arjuna (of Pārtha, of Arjuna)

• तत् (tat) - that (action of cutting arrows) (that, this)

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - a wondrous thing (wonderful, amazing, miraculous)

• इव (iva) - as if (a wonder) (like, as, as if)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it became (wondrous) (it was, it became, it happened)

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (as object) (Arjuna)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp (arrows) (sharp, keen, whetted)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with sharp arrows (with arrows)

• अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - he (Duryodhana) pierced (Arjuna) (he pierced, struck)

• तनयः (tanayaḥ) - your son (Duryodhana) (son)

• तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhritarashtra's son, Duryodhana) (your, of you)

Words meanings and morphology

अप्राप्तान् (aprāptān) - before they reached (him) (not having reached, unobtained)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aprāpta

aprāpta - not arrived, unobtained, not met

Past Passive Participle

Negative particle 'a' + root 'prāp' (प्र-आप्) + -ta suffix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prāpta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• prāpta – reached, obtained, attained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'āp' (आप्) 'to obtain' with prefix 'pra' and suffix '-ta'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇān'.

एव (eva) - indeed, even (emphasizes immediacy) (indeed, only, just, exactly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

तान् (tān) - those (arrows) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the arrows from the previous verse.

बाणान् (bāṇān) - those arrows (from Arjuna) (arrows)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: Object of 'ciccheda'.

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he (Duryodhana) shattered (the arrows) (he cut, cut off, pierced, shattered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of chid

Perfect

Root chid (छिद्), 3rd person singular, perfect active.

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Verb for 'tanayaḥ tava'.

तनयः (tanayaḥ) - your son (Duryodhana) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tanaya

tanaya - son, offspring

Derived from root tan (तन्) 'to stretch, propagate'.

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Subject of 'ciccheda' and 'avidhyat'.

तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhritarashtra's son, Duryodhana) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Possessive pronoun.

यतमानस्य (yatamānasya) - of the striving (Pārtha/Arjuna) (striving, endeavoring, exerting oneself)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yatamāna

yatamāna - striving, endeavoring, exerting oneself

Present Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from root yat (यत्) 'to strive', present participle.

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pārthasya'.

पार्थस्य (pārthasya) - of Arjuna (of Pārtha, of Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna

Formed with suffix -a from Pṛthā (another name for Kunti), denoting lineage.

Note: Possessive for 'yatamānasya'.

तत् (tat) - that (action of cutting arrows) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject for 'abhavat'.

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - a wondrous thing (wonderful, amazing, miraculous)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, amazing, miraculous, a wonder

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tat'.

इव (iva) - as if (a wonder) (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

अभवत् (abhavat) - it became (wondrous) (it was, it became, it happened)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect

Root bhū (भू), 3rd person singular, imperfect active.

Root: bhū (class 1)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (as object) (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna

Formed with suffix -a from Pṛthā (another name for Kunti), denoting lineage.

Note: Object of 'avidhyat'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp (arrows) (sharp, keen, whetted)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharpened, keen, sharp

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śo (शो) or śā (शा) 'to sharpen' with prefix ni (नि).

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇaiḥ'.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with sharp arrows (with arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: Instrument of 'avidhyat'.

अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - he (Duryodhana) pierced (Arjuna) (he pierced, struck)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vidh

Imperfect

Root vidh (व्यध्/विध्), 3rd person singular, imperfect active.

Root: vidh (class 4)

Note: Verb for 'tanayaḥ tava'.

तनयः (tanayaḥ) - your son (Duryodhana) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tanaya

tanaya - son, offspring

Derived from root tan (तन्) 'to stretch, propagate'.

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Subject of 'avidhyat'.

तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhritarashtra's son, Duryodhana) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Possessive pronoun.