महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-106, verse-21

अर्जुनं समरे योद्धुं नोत्सहेतापि वासवः ।
किमु भीष्मो रणे वीरा गतसत्त्वोऽल्पजीवितः ॥२१॥

21. arjunaṁ samare yoddhuṁ notsahetāpi vāsavaḥ ,
kimu bhīṣmo raṇe vīrā gatasattvo'lpajīvitaḥ.

21. arjunam samare yoddhum na utsaheta api vāsavaḥ
kimu bhīṣmaḥ raṇe vīrāḥ gatasattvaḥ alpajīvitaḥ

21. api vāsavaḥ arjunam samare yoddhum na utsaheta.
kimu,
vīrāḥ,
raṇe gatasattvaḥ alpajīvitaḥ bhīṣmaḥ?

21. Even Indra (Vāsava) would not dare to fight Arjuna in battle; what then, O heroes, of Bhīṣma, whose vital energy has departed and who is short-lived?

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in conflict

• योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight, for fighting

• न (na) - not, no

• उत्सहेत (utsaheta) - would dare, would be able, would undertake

• अपि (api) - emphasizing that 'even' Indra would not dare (even, also, too)

• वासवः (vāsavaḥ) - Indra

• किमु (kimu) - rhetorical question expressing 'how much less likely' (what then, how much more, why then)

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in conflict

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - vocative addressing the soldiers (O heroes! O brave ones!)

• गतसत्त्वः (gatasattvaḥ) - describing Bhīṣma as having lost his vital energy (whose strength/spirit has departed, dispirited)

• अल्पजीवितः (alpajīvitaḥ) - describing Bhīṣma as having little life remaining (short-lived, with little life)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of one of the Pāṇḍava brothers)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat, conflict

योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight, for fighting

(indeclinable)

infinitive

infinitive form of root √yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

उत्सहेत (utsaheta) - would dare, would be able, would undertake

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of utsaheta

optative mood

root √sah (class 1, ātmanepada), ut-prefix, optative, 3rd person singular

Prefix: ut

Root: sah (class 1)

अपि (api) - emphasizing that 'even' Indra would not dare (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

वासवः (vāsavaḥ) - Indra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsava

vāsava - Indra (name of the king of the gods)

किमु (kimu) - rhetorical question expressing 'how much less likely' (what then, how much more, why then)

(indeclinable)

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru elder)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - vocative addressing the soldiers (O heroes! O brave ones!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

गतसत्त्वः (gatasattvaḥ) - describing Bhīṣma as having lost his vital energy (whose strength/spirit has departed, dispirited)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatasattva

gatasattva - whose strength/spirit/vital energy has departed, dispirited, weak

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gata+sattva)

• gata – gone, departed, lost
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• sattva – being, existence, essence, vital energy, strength
  noun (neuter)

अल्पजीवितः (alpajīvitaḥ) - describing Bhīṣma as having little life remaining (short-lived, with little life)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alpajīvita

alpajīvita - short-lived, having little life

Compound type : bahuvrihi (alpa+jīvita)

• alpa – small, little, few
  adjective
• jīvita – life, living, alive
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (used as noun)
  from root √jīv (to live)
  Root: jīv (class 1)