महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-247, verse-39

पतनं तन्महद्दुःखं परितापः सुदारुणः ।
स्वर्गभाजश्च्यवन्तीह तस्मात्स्वर्गं न कामये ॥३९॥

39. patanaṁ tanmahadduḥkhaṁ paritāpaḥ sudāruṇaḥ ,
svargabhājaścyavantīha tasmātsvargaṁ na kāmaye.

39. patanam tat mahat duḥkham paritāpaḥ sudāruṇaḥ
svargabhājaḥ cyavanti iha tasmāt svargam na kāmaye

39. That descent (from heaven) is a great suffering (duḥkha), and the subsequent torment is exceedingly terrible. Those who have enjoyed heaven (svarga) inevitably fall from it. Therefore, I do not desire heaven (svarga).

Words meanings summery:

• पतनम् (patanam) - The inevitable descent from heaven after exhausting good karma (karma). (falling, descent, falling down)

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the 'patanam' (descent). (that)

• महत् (mahat) - great, immense

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, pain

• परितापः (paritāpaḥ) - The anguish experienced after falling from heaven (svarga). (torment, anguish, burning pain)

• सुदारुणः (sudāruṇaḥ) - very dreadful, extremely terrible

• स्वर्गभाजः (svargabhājaḥ) - People who have performed good deeds and earned a temporary stay in heaven. (those who enjoy heaven, partakers of heaven)

• च्यवन्ति (cyavanti) - Fall from their elevated status in heaven. (they fall, they descend)

• इह (iha) - Implies 'back to the mortal world' or simply 'here' in general. (here, in this world)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - Because of the impermanence of heaven (svarga). (therefore, for that reason)

• स्वर्गम् (svargam) - The celestial realm, desired by many for enjoyment. (heaven, svarga)

• न (na) - not

• कामये (kāmaye) - Mudgala expresses his lack of desire for heaven (svarga). (I desire, I wish for)

Words meanings and morphology

पतनम् (patanam) - The inevitable descent from heaven after exhausting good karma (karma). (falling, descent, falling down)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of patana

patana - falling, descent, fall

From root pat.

Root: pat (class 1)

तत् (tat) - Refers to the 'patanam' (descent). (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

महत् (mahat) - great, immense

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, extensive

Note: Nominative singular neuter form.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, pain

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, sorrow, pain, misery

Note: Predicate nominative.

परितापः (paritāpaḥ) - The anguish experienced after falling from heaven (svarga). (torment, anguish, burning pain)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paritāpa

paritāpa - torment, anguish, intense heat or pain

From root tap with upasarga pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: tap (class 1)

सुदारुणः (sudāruṇaḥ) - very dreadful, extremely terrible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very dreadful, extremely cruel/terrible

Compound of su- (intensifier) and dāruṇa.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix for intensification
• dāruṇa – dreadful, terrible, fierce
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'paritāpaḥ'.

स्वर्गभाजः (svargabhājaḥ) - People who have performed good deeds and earned a temporary stay in heaven. (those who enjoy heaven, partakers of heaven)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svargabhāj

svargabhāj - partaker of heaven, enjoying heaven

Compound of svarga and bhāj (from root bhaj)

Compound type : tatpurusha (svarga+bhāj)

• svarga – heaven, paradise, celestial abode
  noun (masculine)
• bhāj – partaking, enjoying, sharing
  adjective
  From root bhaj.
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

च्यवन्ति (cyavanti) - Fall from their elevated status in heaven. (they fall, they descend)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of cyu

Present Active

3rd person plural present active of root cyu.

Root: cyu (class 1)

इह (iha) - Implies 'back to the mortal world' or simply 'here' in general. (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - Because of the impermanence of heaven (svarga). (therefore, for that reason)

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of tad, used as an adverb.

स्वर्गम् (svargam) - The celestial realm, desired by many for enjoyment. (heaven, svarga)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, paradise, celestial abode

Note: Object of 'kāmaye'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'kāmaye'.

कामये (kāmaye) - Mudgala expresses his lack of desire for heaven (svarga). (I desire, I wish for)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kām

Present Middle

1st person singular present middle (ātmanepada) of denominal root kām (from kāma).

Root: kam (class 10)