महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-68, verse-5

नरकं पातिताः पार्था दीर्घकालमनन्तकम् ।
सुखाच्च हीना राज्याच्च विनष्टाः शाश्वतीः समाः ॥५॥

5. narakaṁ pātitāḥ pārthā dīrghakālamanantakam ,
sukhācca hīnā rājyācca vinaṣṭāḥ śāśvatīḥ samāḥ.

5. narakam pātitāḥ pārthāḥ dīrghakālam anantakam
sukhāt ca hīnāḥ rājyāt ca vinaṣṭāḥ śāśvatīḥ samāḥ

5. The Pāṇḍavas have been cast into an endless hell (naraka) for a long time. They are deprived of both happiness and kingdom, and are ruined for all eternity.

Words meanings summery:

• नरकम् (narakam) - to hell, to the underworld

• पातिताः (pātitāḥ) - cast down, caused to fall, fallen

• पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the sons of Pṛthā, the Pāṇḍavas

• दीर्घकालम् (dīrghakālam) - for a long time, for a long period

• अनन्तकम् (anantakam) - endless, eternal, without end

• सुखात् (sukhāt) - from happiness, from pleasure

• च (ca) - and

• हीनाः (hīnāḥ) - deprived, bereft, devoid of

• राज्यात् (rājyāt) - from kingdom, from sovereignty

• च (ca) - and

• विनष्टाः (vinaṣṭāḥ) - destroyed, ruined, lost, perished

• शाश्वतीः (śāśvatīḥ) - eternal, perpetual, everlasting

• समाः (samāḥ) - years

Words meanings and morphology

नरकम् (narakam) - to hell, to the underworld

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of naraka

naraka - hell, Hades, underworld

पातिताः (pātitāḥ) - cast down, caused to fall, fallen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pātita

pātita - caused to fall, cast down, overthrown, fallen

Causative Past Passive Participle

From the causative stem of √pat (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the sons of Pṛthā, the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a Pāṇḍava

Derived from Pṛthā, Kuntī's original name.

दीर्घकालम् (dīrghakālam) - for a long time, for a long period

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīrghakāla

dīrghakāla - long time, long duration

Compound type : Tatpurusha (dīrgha+kāla)

• dīrgha – long, extensive
  adjective (masculine)
• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to indicate duration.

अनन्तकम् (anantakam) - endless, eternal, without end

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anantaka

anantaka - endless, infinite, without termination

Compound type : Nañ-tatpurusha (a+antaka)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• antaka – making an end, terminator, end, death
  noun (masculine)
  From anta (end).

सुखात् (sukhāt) - from happiness, from pleasure

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, pleasure, comfort

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

हीनाः (hīnāḥ) - deprived, bereft, devoid of

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hīna

hīna - abandoned, left, devoid of, deprived, inferior

Past Passive Participle

From √hā (to leave, abandon).

Root: hā (class 3)

राज्यात् (rājyāt) - from kingdom, from sovereignty

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, realm, dominion

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विनष्टाः (vinaṣṭāḥ) - destroyed, ruined, lost, perished

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vinaṣṭa

vinaṣṭa - destroyed, ruined, lost, perished, vanished

Past Passive Participle

From √naś (to perish) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

शाश्वतीः (śāśvatīḥ) - eternal, perpetual, everlasting

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of śāśvata

śāśvata - eternal, perpetual, everlasting, constant

समाः (samāḥ) - years

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of samā

samā - year, season

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