महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-68, verse-19

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एवं ब्रुवाणमजिनैर्विवासितं दुःखाभिभूतं परिनृत्यति स्म ।
मध्ये कुरूणां धर्मनिबद्धमार्गं गौर्गौरिति स्माह्वयन्मुक्तलज्जः ॥१९॥

19. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
evaṁ bruvāṇamajinairvivāsitaṁ; duḥkhābhibhūtaṁ parinṛtyati sma ,
madhye kurūṇāṁ dharmanibaddhamārgaṁ; gaurgauriti smāhvayanmuktalajjaḥ.

19. vaiśampāyana uvāca evam bruvāṇam ajinaiḥ
vivāsitam duḥkha abhibhūtam parinṛtyati
sma madhye kurūṇām dharmanibaddhamārgam
gauḥ gauḥ iti sma āhvayan muktalajjaḥ

19. Vaiśampāyana said: In the midst of the Kurus, one who was shameless, dancing around, called out 'Cow! Cow!' to him who was speaking thus, who had been stripped of his deer-skins, was overwhelmed by sorrow, and whose conduct was bound by natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The sage and narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - Referring to Yudhiṣṭhira's prior speech. (thus, in this manner)

• ब्रुवाणम् (bruvāṇam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, who was speaking. (speaking, saying)

• अजिनैः (ajinaiḥ) - Referring to the garments given to the Pāṇḍavas for their exile. (by deer-skins, by hides)

• विवासितम् (vivāsitam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, who was stripped of his deer-skin garments. (exiled, stripped, banished)

• दुःख (duḥkha) - sorrow, suffering, pain

• अभिभूतम् (abhibhūtam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, who was overwhelmed by sorrow. (overwhelmed, subdued, overcome)

• परिनृत्यति (parinṛtyati) - Refers to Karṇa dancing to mock Yudhiṣṭhira. (dances around, dances about)

• स्म (sma) - Indicates past action when used with 'parinṛtyati'. (indeed, certainly; (used with present tense to denote past action))

• मध्ये (madhye) - In the midst of the Kuru assembly. (in the middle, amidst)

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - Referring to the assembled Kuru princes and elders. (of the Kurus)

• धर्मनिबद्धमार्गम् (dharmanibaddhamārgam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, whose conduct was governed by natural law (dharma). (whose path is bound by natural law (dharma), whose conduct is righteous)

• गौः (gauḥ) - Being called a 'cow' as an insult, implying foolishness or helplessness. (cow, bull, earth, word)

• गौः (gauḥ) - Repetition for emphasis. (cow, bull, earth, word)

• इति (iti) - Marks the end of the direct speech 'Cow! Cow!'. (thus, so (quotation marker))

• स्म (sma) - Used with 'āhvayan' to indicate past continuous action of calling. (indeed, certainly; (used with present tense to denote past action))

• आह्वयन् (āhvayan) - The shameless person (Karṇa) calling out. (calling out, summoning)

• मुक्तलज्जः (muktalajjaḥ) - Refers to Karṇa, acting without shame. (shameless, released from shame)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The sage and narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ) of √vac (2nd class, Parasmaipada)

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - Referring to Yudhiṣṭhira's prior speech. (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

ब्रुवाणम् (bruvāṇam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, who was speaking. (speaking, saying)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bruvāṇa

bruvāṇa - speaking, saying

Present Middle Participle

From √brū (2nd class, Atmanepada)

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Agrees with the implicit object (Yudhiṣṭhira).

अजिनैः (ajinaiḥ) - Referring to the garments given to the Pāṇḍavas for their exile. (by deer-skins, by hides)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of ajina

ajina - skin, hide (especially of a deer or antelope), garment of skin

विवासितम् (vivāsitam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, who was stripped of his deer-skin garments. (exiled, stripped, banished)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vivāsita

vivāsita - exiled, banished, deprived of, stripped of

Past Passive Participle

From vi-√vas (to dwell/clothe, used with prefix vi- for exile/deprivation)

Prefix: vi

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implicit object (Yudhiṣṭhira).

दुःख (duḥkha) - sorrow, suffering, pain

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, misery, unhappiness

Note: First part of compound 'duḥkhābhibhūtam'.

अभिभूतम् (abhibhūtam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, who was overwhelmed by sorrow. (overwhelmed, subdued, overcome)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhibhūta

abhibhūta - overwhelmed, conquered, defeated, overpowered

Past Passive Participle

From abhi-√bhū (to overcome)

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implicit object (Yudhiṣṭhira).

परिनृत्यति (parinṛtyati) - Refers to Karṇa dancing to mock Yudhiṣṭhira. (dances around, dances about)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of parinṛt

From pari-√nṛt (4th class, Parasmaipada)

Prefix: pari

Root: nṛt (class 4)

Note: Used with 'sma' to indicate a past habitual or narrative action.

स्म (sma) - Indicates past action when used with 'parinṛtyati'. (indeed, certainly; (used with present tense to denote past action))

(indeclinable)

मध्ये (madhye) - In the midst of the Kuru assembly. (in the middle, amidst)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, center

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - Referring to the assembled Kuru princes and elders. (of the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king and his descendants)

धर्मनिबद्धमार्गम् (dharmanibaddhamārgam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, whose conduct was governed by natural law (dharma). (whose path is bound by natural law (dharma), whose conduct is righteous)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmanibaddhamārga

dharmanibaddhamārga - whose path/conduct is bound by dharma

Bahuvrīhi compound 'dharma-nibaddha-mārga'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+nibaddha+mārga)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
• nibaddha – bound, tied, fixed, established
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ni-√bandh (to bind)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: bandh (class 1)
• mārga – path, way, road, course of conduct
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with the implicit object (Yudhiṣṭhira).

गौः (gauḥ) - Being called a 'cow' as an insult, implying foolishness or helplessness. (cow, bull, earth, word)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine/feminine, singular of go

go - cow, bull, ox, earth, word, ray of light

Note: Vocative usage, despite being nominative form. Used as an interjection.

गौः (gauḥ) - Repetition for emphasis. (cow, bull, earth, word)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine/feminine, singular of go

go - cow, bull, ox, earth, word, ray of light

Note: Vocative usage, despite being nominative form. Used as an interjection.

इति (iti) - Marks the end of the direct speech 'Cow! Cow!'. (thus, so (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - Used with 'āhvayan' to indicate past continuous action of calling. (indeed, certainly; (used with present tense to denote past action))

(indeclinable)

आह्वयन् (āhvayan) - The shameless person (Karṇa) calling out. (calling out, summoning)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhvayat

āhvayat - calling, summoning

Present Active Participle

From ā-√hve (to call)

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'muktalajjaḥ'.

मुक्तलज्जः (muktalajjaḥ) - Refers to Karṇa, acting without shame. (shameless, released from shame)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muktalajja

muktalajja - released from shame, shameless

Bahuvrīhi compound 'mukta-lajjā' (one by whom shame is released)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mukta+lajjā)

• mukta – released, liberated, free
  participle (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √muc (to release)
  Root: muc (class 6)
• lajjā – shame, modesty
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of the sentence (along with 'āhvayan').