महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-68, verse-14

किं पाण्डवांस्त्वं पतितानुपास्से मोघः श्रमः षण्ढतिलानुपास्य ।
एवं नृशंसः परुषाणि पार्थानश्रावयद्धृतराष्ट्रस्य पुत्रः ॥१४॥

14. kiṁ pāṇḍavāṁstvaṁ patitānupāsse; moghaḥ śramaḥ ṣaṇḍhatilānupāsya ,
evaṁ nṛśaṁsaḥ paruṣāṇi pārthā;naśrāvayaddhṛtarāṣṭrasya putraḥ.

14. kim pāṇḍavān tvam patitān upāsse
moghaḥ śramaḥ ṣaṇḍhatilān upāsya
| evam nṛśaṃsaḥ paruṣāṇi pārthān
aśrāvayat dhṛtarāṣṭrasya putraḥ

14. "Why do you attend to the fallen Pāṇḍavas? Your effort is in vain, like cultivating barren sesame seeds." Thus, the cruel son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra made the Pāṇḍavas listen to such harsh words.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - why? (what? why? whether?)

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• पतितान् (patitān) - fallen, degraded

• उपास्से (upāsse) - you associate with (you serve, you attend to, you associate with)

• मोघः (moghaḥ) - futile, vain, useless

• श्रमः (śramaḥ) - effort, exertion, toil

• षण्ढतिलान् (ṣaṇḍhatilān) - barren sesame seeds

• उपास्य (upāsya) - having cultivated (in the sense of attending to something that yields no fruit) (having served/cultivated/attended)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• नृशंसः (nṛśaṁsaḥ) - cruel, wicked, malicious

• परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words (harsh, rough, cruel (words))

• पार्थान् (pārthān) - the Pāṇḍavas (the Pārthas (sons of Pṛthā/Kuntī))

• अश्रावयत् (aśrāvayat) - he made to hear, he caused to hear

• धृतराष्ट्रस्य (dhṛtarāṣṭrasya) - of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - (Duryodhana) (son)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - why? (what? why? whether?)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

Derived from Pāṇḍu

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

पतितान् (patitān) - fallen, degraded

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, degraded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Modifies pāṇḍavān

उपास्से (upāsse) - you associate with (you serve, you attend to, you associate with)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upās

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

मोघः (moghaḥ) - futile, vain, useless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mogha

mogha - futile, vain, useless, empty

Note: Modifies śramaḥ

श्रमः (śramaḥ) - effort, exertion, toil

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrama

śrama - effort, exertion, toil, fatigue

Root: śram (class 4)

षण्ढतिलान् (ṣaṇḍhatilān) - barren sesame seeds

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ṣaṇḍhatila

ṣaṇḍhatila - barren sesame seeds, unproductive sesame

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ṣaṇḍha+tila)

• ṣaṇḍha – barren, impotent, eunuch
  adjective (masculine)
• tila – sesame seed
  noun (masculine)

उपास्य (upāsya) - having cultivated (in the sense of attending to something that yields no fruit) (having served/cultivated/attended)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root ās with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Used in simile 'like cultivating barren sesame seeds'

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

नृशंसः (nṛśaṁsaḥ) - cruel, wicked, malicious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛśaṃsa

nṛśaṁsa - cruel, wicked, malicious, inhuman

Note: Modifies putraḥ

परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words (harsh, rough, cruel (words))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, unkind

Note: Implied noun 'words' (vacanāni)

पार्थान् (pārthān) - the Pāṇḍavas (the Pārthas (sons of Pṛthā/Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī)

Derived from Pṛthā

अश्रावयत् (aśrāvayat) - he made to hear, he caused to hear

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śrāvay

Causative imperfect

Causative form of root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

धृतराष्ट्रस्य (dhṛtarāṣṭrasya) - of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind Kuru king)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - (Duryodhana) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Refers to Duryodhana