महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-68, verse-3

प्रवृत्तं धार्तराष्ट्रस्य चक्रं राज्ञो महात्मनः ।
पराभूताः पाण्डुपुत्रा विपत्तिं परमां गताः ॥३॥

3. pravṛttaṁ dhārtarāṣṭrasya cakraṁ rājño mahātmanaḥ ,
parābhūtāḥ pāṇḍuputrā vipattiṁ paramāṁ gatāḥ.

3. pravṛttam dhārtarāṣṭrasya cakram rājñaḥ mahātmanaḥ
parābhūtāḥ pāṇḍuputrāḥ vipattim paramām gatāḥ

3. The power (cakra) of the great-souled King, the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana), has been set in motion. The sons of Pāṇḍu have been defeated and have fallen into the greatest misfortune.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रवृत्तम् (pravṛttam) - set in motion, begun, started, active

• धार्तराष्ट्रस्य (dhārtarāṣṭrasya) - Refers to Duryodhana, the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son, of Duryodhana)

• चक्रम् (cakram) - Here, refers to the dominion or power of the king. (wheel, discus, dominion, power, army)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - Describes the king (Duryodhana or Dhṛtarāṣṭra, but more likely Duryodhana as the active agent here). (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

• पराभूताः (parābhūtāḥ) - defeated, vanquished, overcome

• पाण्डुपुत्राः (pāṇḍuputrāḥ) - the sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

• विपत्तिम् (vipattim) - calamity, misfortune, adversity

• परमाम् (paramām) - greatest, highest, supreme

• गताः (gatāḥ) - gone, attained, reached

Words meanings and morphology

प्रवृत्तम् (pravṛttam) - set in motion, begun, started, active

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - begun, set in motion, started, active, engaged in

Past Passive Participle

From √vṛt (to turn, exist) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

धार्तराष्ट्रस्य (dhārtarāṣṭrasya) - Refers to Duryodhana, the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son, of Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (e.g., Duryodhana)

Derivative of Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

चक्रम् (cakram) - Here, refers to the dominion or power of the king. (wheel, discus, dominion, power, army)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cakra

cakra - wheel, discus, circle, realm, dominion, army

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - Describes the king (Duryodhana or Dhṛtarāṣṭra, but more likely Duryodhana as the active agent here). (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, the supreme self (ātman)

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

पराभूताः (parābhūtāḥ) - defeated, vanquished, overcome

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parābhūta

parābhūta - defeated, vanquished, overcome, humiliated

Past Passive Participle

From √bhū (to be, become) with prefix parā-.

Prefix: parā

Root: bhū (class 1)

पाण्डुपुत्राः (pāṇḍuputrāḥ) - the sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

Compound type : Tatpurusha (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (proper name of the father of the Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

विपत्तिम् (vipattim) - calamity, misfortune, adversity

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vipatti

vipatti - calamity, misfortune, adversity, disaster

परमाम् (paramām) - greatest, highest, supreme

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of paramā

parama - highest, greatest, supreme, best, ultimate

गताः (gatāḥ) - gone, attained, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, reached, attained, obtained

Past Passive Participle

From √gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)