महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-68, verse-30

अर्जुन उवाच ।
नैव वाचा व्यवसितं भीम विज्ञायते सताम् ।
इतश्चतुर्दशे वर्षे द्रष्टारो यद्भविष्यति ॥३०॥

30. arjuna uvāca ,
naiva vācā vyavasitaṁ bhīma vijñāyate satām ,
itaścaturdaśe varṣe draṣṭāro yadbhaviṣyati.

30. arjuna uvāca na eva vācā vyavasitam bhīma vijñāyate
satām itaḥ caturdaśe varṣe draṣṭāraḥ yat bhaviṣyati

30. Arjuna said: "Bhima, the settled determination of virtuous people is not understood merely by their words. From now, in the fourteenth year, they will directly observe what will come to pass."

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, truly

• वाचा (vācā) - by speech, by words

• व्यवसितम् (vyavasitam) - settled determination (resolved, determined, settled; a resolution, decision)

• भीम (bhīma) - O Bhima (proper name)

• विज्ञायते (vijñāyate) - is known, is understood

• सताम् (satām) - of virtuous people (of the good, of the virtuous, of the righteous people)

• इतः (itaḥ) - from here, henceforth, from this time

• चतुर्दशे (caturdaśe) - in the fourteenth

• वर्षे (varṣe) - in the year

• द्रष्टारः (draṣṭāraḥ) - they (the Kauravas) will see (observers, seers; they will see)

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be, will happen

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (one of the Pandava brothers)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense, third person singular

Perfect tense (liṭ lakāra), 3rd person singular, active voice of root vac. Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, truly

(indeclinable)

वाचा (vācā) - by speech, by words

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word

व्यवसितम् (vyavasitam) - settled determination (resolved, determined, settled; a resolution, decision)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyavasita

vyavasita - resolved, determined, settled; a resolution, decision

Past Passive Participle (PPP) used as a noun

Derived from root 'so' with upasargas 'vi' and 'ava'.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: so (class 4)

भीम (bhīma) - O Bhima (proper name)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhima (one of the Pandava brothers); terrible, fearful

विज्ञायते (vijñāyate) - is known, is understood

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vijñā

present tense, third person singular, passive voice

Present tense (laṭ lakāra), 3rd person singular, passive voice of root 'jñā' with upasarga 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

सताम् (satām) - of virtuous people (of the good, of the virtuous, of the righteous people)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - being, existing; good, virtuous, righteous person

Present Active Participle (PAP) of as (to be), used as an adjective/noun

Root: as (class 2)

Note: It is the genitive plural of 'sat' (the good ones, the righteous).

इतः (itaḥ) - from here, henceforth, from this time

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix -tas added to idam (this)

चतुर्दशे (caturdaśe) - in the fourteenth

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of caturdaśa

caturdaśa - fourteenth

Note: Agrees with 'varṣe'.

वर्षे (varṣe) - in the year

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of varṣa

varṣa - year

द्रष्टारः (draṣṭāraḥ) - they (the Kauravas) will see (observers, seers; they will see)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of draṣṭṛ

draṣṭṛ - seer, observer; one who will see (future agent noun)

Future Agent Noun

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix -tṛ.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Literally "seers" or "those who will see". Implies the Kauravas as the subject who will witness the outcome.

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Used as a relative pronoun.

भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be, will happen

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhū

future tense, third person singular

Future tense (lṛṭ lakāra), 3rd person singular, active voice of root 'bhū'.

Root: bhū (class 1)