महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-68, verse-16

भीमसेन उवाच ।
क्रूर पापजनैर्जुष्टमकृतार्थं प्रभाषसे ।
गान्धारविद्यया हि त्वं राजमध्ये विकत्थसे ॥१६॥

16. bhīmasena uvāca ,
krūra pāpajanairjuṣṭamakṛtārthaṁ prabhāṣase ,
gāndhāravidyayā hi tvaṁ rājamadhye vikatthase.

16. bhīmasena uvāca | krūra pāpajanaiḥ juṣṭam akṛtārtham
prabhāṣase | gāndhāravidyayā hi tvam rājamadhye vikatthase

16. Bhīmasena said: "O cruel one, you utter words that are meaningless and associated with wicked people. Indeed, you boast among kings by virtue of Gāndhārī's art."

16. בְּהִימַסֵנַה אמר, הו אכזר, אתה מדבר דברים חסרי תכלית, הרצויים לבני אדם רעים. בזכות חכמת הגַאנְדְהָארַה (הערמה של שַׁקוּנִי) אתה מתרברב באמצע המלך.

Words meanings summery:

• भीमसेन (bhīmasena) - Bhīmasena (name of a Pāṇḍava)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• क्रूर (krūra) - O cruel one, O fierce one

• पापजनैः (pāpajanaiḥ) - by wicked people, by sinful persons

• जुष्टम् (juṣṭam) - favored by, associated with (served, associated with, favored by)

• अकृतार्थम् (akṛtārtham) - meaningless (meaningless, fruitless, unsuccessful, whose purpose is not achieved)

• प्रभाषसे (prabhāṣase) - you speak, you utter

• गान्धारविद्यया (gāndhāravidyayā) - by Gāndhārī's art/influence (by the knowledge/skill of Gāndhārī or Gāndhāra)

• हि (hi) - indeed (for, indeed, because)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• राजमध्ये (rājamadhye) - in the midst of kings, among kings

• विकत्थसे (vikatthase) - you boast, you brag

Words meanings and morphology

भीमसेन (bhīmasena) - Bhīmasena (name of a Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (name)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

क्रूर (krūra) - O cruel one, O fierce one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of krūra

krūra - cruel, fierce, harsh, dreadful

Note: Addressing Duryodhana

पापजनैः (pāpajanaiḥ) - by wicked people, by sinful persons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāpajana

pāpajana - wicked person, sinful person

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pāpa+jana)

• pāpa – sin, evil, wicked
  adjective (neuter)
• jana – person, people
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent for juṣṭam

जुष्टम् (juṣṭam) - favored by, associated with (served, associated with, favored by)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of juṣṭa

juṣṭa - served, attended, associated with, liked, favored

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root juṣ (to be pleased, to frequent)

Root: juṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies an implied 'words' (vacanam)

अकृतार्थम् (akṛtārtham) - meaningless (meaningless, fruitless, unsuccessful, whose purpose is not achieved)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akṛtārtha

akṛtārtha - having an unfulfilled purpose, meaningless, fruitless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kṛta+artha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies an implied 'words' (vacanam)

प्रभाषसे (prabhāṣase) - you speak, you utter

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prabhāṣ

Prefix: pra

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

गान्धारविद्यया (gāndhāravidyayā) - by Gāndhārī's art/influence (by the knowledge/skill of Gāndhārī or Gāndhāra)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gāndhāravidyā

gāndhāravidyā - Gāndhārī's art/knowledge/skill (referring to Duryodhana's mother) or magic from Gāndhāra region

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gāndhāra+vidyā)

• gāndhāra – belonging to Gāndhārī or Gāndhāra
  adjective (feminine)
• vidyā – knowledge, learning, art, magic
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Indicates means or cause

हि (hi) - indeed (for, indeed, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or causal particle

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

राजमध्ये (rājamadhye) - in the midst of kings, among kings

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rājamadhya

rājamadhya - midst of kings, among kings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+madhya)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• madhya – middle, midst
  noun (neuter)

विकत्थसे (vikatthase) - you boast, you brag

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vikatth

Prefix: vi

Root: katth (class 1)

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