महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-68, verse-16

भीमसेन उवाच ।
क्रूर पापजनैर्जुष्टमकृतार्थं प्रभाषसे ।
गान्धारविद्यया हि त्वं राजमध्ये विकत्थसे ॥१६॥

16. bhīmasena uvāca ,
krūra pāpajanairjuṣṭamakṛtārthaṁ prabhāṣase ,
gāndhāravidyayā hi tvaṁ rājamadhye vikatthase.

16. bhīmasena uvāca | krūra pāpajanaiḥ juṣṭam akṛtārtham
prabhāṣase | gāndhāravidyayā hi tvam rājamadhye vikatthase

16. Bhīmasena said: "O cruel one, you utter words that are meaningless and associated with wicked people. Indeed, you boast among kings by virtue of Gāndhārī's art."

Words meanings summery:

• भीमसेन (bhīmasena) - Bhīmasena (name of a Pāṇḍava)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• क्रूर (krūra) - O cruel one, O fierce one

• पापजनैः (pāpajanaiḥ) - by wicked people, by sinful persons

• जुष्टम् (juṣṭam) - favored by, associated with (served, associated with, favored by)

• अकृतार्थम् (akṛtārtham) - meaningless (meaningless, fruitless, unsuccessful, whose purpose is not achieved)

• प्रभाषसे (prabhāṣase) - you speak, you utter

• गान्धारविद्यया (gāndhāravidyayā) - by Gāndhārī's art/influence (by the knowledge/skill of Gāndhārī or Gāndhāra)

• हि (hi) - indeed (for, indeed, because)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• राजमध्ये (rājamadhye) - in the midst of kings, among kings

• विकत्थसे (vikatthase) - you boast, you brag

Words meanings and morphology

भीमसेन (bhīmasena) - Bhīmasena (name of a Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (name)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

क्रूर (krūra) - O cruel one, O fierce one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of krūra

krūra - cruel, fierce, harsh, dreadful

Note: Addressing Duryodhana

पापजनैः (pāpajanaiḥ) - by wicked people, by sinful persons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāpajana

pāpajana - wicked person, sinful person

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pāpa+jana)

• pāpa – sin, evil, wicked
  adjective (neuter)
• jana – person, people
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent for juṣṭam

जुष्टम् (juṣṭam) - favored by, associated with (served, associated with, favored by)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of juṣṭa

juṣṭa - served, attended, associated with, liked, favored

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root juṣ (to be pleased, to frequent)

Root: juṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies an implied 'words' (vacanam)

अकृतार्थम् (akṛtārtham) - meaningless (meaningless, fruitless, unsuccessful, whose purpose is not achieved)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akṛtārtha

akṛtārtha - having an unfulfilled purpose, meaningless, fruitless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kṛta+artha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies an implied 'words' (vacanam)

प्रभाषसे (prabhāṣase) - you speak, you utter

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prabhāṣ

Prefix: pra

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

गान्धारविद्यया (gāndhāravidyayā) - by Gāndhārī's art/influence (by the knowledge/skill of Gāndhārī or Gāndhāra)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gāndhāravidyā

gāndhāravidyā - Gāndhārī's art/knowledge/skill (referring to Duryodhana's mother) or magic from Gāndhāra region

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gāndhāra+vidyā)

• gāndhāra – belonging to Gāndhārī or Gāndhāra
  adjective (feminine)
• vidyā – knowledge, learning, art, magic
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Indicates means or cause

हि (hi) - indeed (for, indeed, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or causal particle

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

राजमध्ये (rājamadhye) - in the midst of kings, among kings

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rājamadhya

rājamadhya - midst of kings, among kings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+madhya)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• madhya – middle, midst
  noun (neuter)

विकत्थसे (vikatthase) - you boast, you brag

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vikatth

Prefix: vi

Root: katth (class 1)