महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-45, verse-43

तं च वृद्धं तथा दग्धं हतपुत्रं नराधिपम् ।
अन्वशोचन्त ते सर्वे गान्धारीं च तपस्विनीम् ॥४३॥

43. taṁ ca vṛddhaṁ tathā dagdhaṁ hataputraṁ narādhipam ,
anvaśocanta te sarve gāndhārīṁ ca tapasvinīm.

43. tam ca vṛddham tathā dagdham hataputram narādhipam
anvaśocanta te sarve gāndhārīm ca tapasvinīm

43. te sarve anvaśocanta ca tam vṛddham tathā dagdham
hataputram narādhipam ca tapasvinīm gāndhārīm

43. And all of them grieved for that old king (Dhritarashtra), whose sons had been killed and who had met such an end, and for Gandhari, the ascetic.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (king, Dhritarashtra) (that, him)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - old (king) (old, aged, grown)

• तथा (tathā) - thus (referring to his state or end) (thus, so, in that manner)

• दग्धम् (dagdham) - met such an end (cremated or consumed by sorrow) (burnt, consumed, afflicted)

• हतपुत्रम् (hataputram) - whose sons had been killed (whose sons are killed, having killed sons)

• नराधिपम् (narādhipam) - the king (Dhritarashtra) (king, ruler of men)

• अन्वशोचन्त (anvaśocanta) - they grieved for (they grieved for, they lamented)

• ते (te) - they (all of them) (those, they)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, every)

• गान्धारीम् (gāndhārīm) - Gandhari

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• तपस्विनीम् (tapasvinīm) - the ascetic (woman) (ascetic woman, female ascetic)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (king, Dhritarashtra) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - old (king) (old, aged, grown)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown

Past Passive Participle

from root VṚDH

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - thus (referring to his state or end) (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

दग्धम् (dagdham) - met such an end (cremated or consumed by sorrow) (burnt, consumed, afflicted)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dagdha

dagdha - burnt, consumed, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

from root DAH

Root: dah (class 1)

हतपुत्रम् (hataputram) - whose sons had been killed (whose sons are killed, having killed sons)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hataputra

hataputra - whose sons are killed, having killed sons

Bahuvrīhi compound: hata (killed) + putra (son)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+putra)

• hata – killed, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root HAN
  Root: han (class 2)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

नराधिपम् (narādhipam) - the king (Dhritarashtra) (king, ruler of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men

Compound of nara (man) and adhipa (ruler)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)

अन्वशोचन्त (anvaśocanta) - they grieved for (they grieved for, they lamented)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of anuśoc

Imperfect Active

3rd person plural, imperfect tense, from verbal root ŚUC with prefix ANU-

Prefix: anu

Root: śuc (class 1)

ते (te) - they (all of them) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every

गान्धारीम् (gāndhārīm) - Gandhari

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gāndhārī

gāndhārī - Gandhari (wife of Dhritarashtra)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

तपस्विनीम् (tapasvinīm) - the ascetic (woman) (ascetic woman, female ascetic)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tapasvinī

tapasvinī - ascetic woman, female ascetic

Feminine form of tapasvin (ascetic)