महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-45, verse-14

गान्धारी तु जलाहारा कुन्ती मासोपवासिनी ।
संजयः षष्ठभक्तेन वर्तयामास भारत ॥१४॥

14. gāndhārī tu jalāhārā kuntī māsopavāsinī ,
saṁjayaḥ ṣaṣṭhabhaktena vartayāmāsa bhārata.

14. gāndhārī tu jalāhārā kuntī māsopavāsinī
saṃjayaḥ ṣaṣṭhabhaktena vartayāmāsa bhārata

14. bhārata gāndhārī tu jalāhārā kuntī māsopavāsinī
saṃjayaḥ ṣaṣṭhabhaktena vartayāmāsa

14. O Bhārata, Gāndhārī subsisted on water, Kuntī observed a monthly fast, and Sañjaya maintained himself by taking only a sixth portion of food.

Words meanings summery:

• गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - The wife of King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Gāndhārī (proper name))

• तु (tu) - on the other hand (indicating a contrast or continuation) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• जलाहारा (jalāhārā) - subsisting solely on water (subsisting on water, taking water as food)

• कुन्ती (kuntī) - The mother of the Pāṇḍavas (Kuntī (proper name))

• मासोपवासिनी (māsopavāsinī) - (Kuntī) observing a monthly fast (one who observes a monthly fast)

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - The charioteer and minister of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Sañjaya (proper name))

• षष्ठभक्तेन (ṣaṣṭhabhaktena) - by subsisting on only a sixth portion of food (as a form of austerity) (by a sixth part of food, by eating every sixth meal)

• वर्तयामास (vartayāmāsa) - he maintained himself (he lived, he maintained himself, he conducted)

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (addressing Yudhiṣṭhira or Janamejaya) (O Bhārata, O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - The wife of King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Gāndhārī (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gāndhārī

gāndhārī - Gāndhārī (name of a princess of Gāndhāra, wife of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

तु (tu) - on the other hand (indicating a contrast or continuation) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

जलाहारा (jalāhārā) - subsisting solely on water (subsisting on water, taking water as food)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jalāhāra

jalāhāra - subsisting on water, one who takes water as food

Compound of `jala` (water) and `āhāra` (food/sustenance).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jala+āhāra)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• āhāra – food, sustenance, diet
  noun (masculine)
  From `ā` + `hṛ` (to take).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Gāndhārī.

कुन्ती (kuntī) - The mother of the Pāṇḍavas (Kuntī (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kuntī

kuntī - Kuntī (name of the mother of the Pāṇḍavas)

मासोपवासिनी (māsopavāsinī) - (Kuntī) observing a monthly fast (one who observes a monthly fast)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of māsopavāsin

māsopavāsin - observing a monthly fast

Compound of `māsa` (month) and `upavāsin` (fasting).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (māsa+upavāsin)

• māsa – month
  noun (masculine)
• upavāsin – one who fasts, fasting
  noun (masculine)
  From root `vas` (to dwell) with prefix `upa` and agent suffix `in`.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Kuntī.

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - The charioteer and minister of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Sañjaya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (a proper name, Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer), victory

From `sam` + `ji` (to conquer).

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

षष्ठभक्तेन (ṣaṣṭhabhaktena) - by subsisting on only a sixth portion of food (as a form of austerity) (by a sixth part of food, by eating every sixth meal)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ṣaṣṭhabhakta

ṣaṣṭhabhakta - a sixth meal, a sixth portion of food

Compound of `ṣaṣṭha` (sixth) and `bhakta` (food/meal).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ṣaṣṭha+bhakta)

• ṣaṣṭha – sixth
  numeral
  Ordinal number from `ṣaṣ` (six).
• bhakta – food, meal
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (from `bhaj`), but used as a noun
  From root `bhaj` (to divide, partake) + `kta` suffix.
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means by which Sañjaya sustained himself.

वर्तयामास (vartayāmāsa) - he maintained himself (he lived, he maintained himself, he conducted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vṛt

Periphrastic Perfect

Third person singular periphrastic perfect active of the causative of `vṛt` (vartaya).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (addressing Yudhiṣṭhira or Janamejaya) (O Bhārata, O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian

Patronymic from `bharata`.