महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-45, verse-21

समाविद्धे वने तस्मिन्प्राप्ते व्यसन उत्तमे ।
निराहारतया राजा मन्दप्राणविचेष्टितः ।
असमर्थोऽपसरणे सुकृशौ मातरौ च ते ॥२१॥

21. samāviddhe vane tasminprāpte vyasana uttame ,
nirāhāratayā rājā mandaprāṇaviceṣṭitaḥ ,
asamartho'pasaraṇe sukṛśau mātarau ca te.

21. samāviddhe vane tasmin prāpte
vyasane uttame nirāhāratayā rājā
mandaprāṇaviceṣṭitaḥ asamarthaḥ
apasaraṇe sukṛśau mātarau ca te

21. tasmin samāviddhe vane,
uttame vyasane prāpte,
rājā nirāhāratayā mandaprāṇaviceṣṭitaḥ apasaraṇe asamarthaḥ,
ca te sukṛśau mātarau

21. In that forest, when the ultimate calamity had befallen them, the king, due to starvation, had weakened vital functions and was unable to escape. Your two mothers, too, were greatly emaciated.

Words meanings summery:

• समाविद्धे (samāviddhe) - caught, engulfed (by the calamity or fire) (caught, pierced, struck, overwhelmed)

• वने (vane) - in the forest, in the wood

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

• प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when it had arrived, when it had befallen (obtained, reached, arrived, befallen)

• व्यसने (vyasane) - in misfortune, in calamity, in distress

• उत्तमे (uttame) - in the ultimate, in the highest, in the supreme

• निराहारतया (nirāhāratayā) - due to lack of food, by starvation

• राजा (rājā) - the king

• मन्दप्राणविचेष्टितः (mandaprāṇaviceṣṭitaḥ) - whose vital activities/movements are weak, with weakened vital functions

• असमर्थः (asamarthaḥ) - incapable, unable, powerless

• अपसरणे (apasaraṇe) - in escaping, in moving away, in departing

• सुकृशौ (sukṛśau) - very emaciated, very lean

• मातरौ (mātarau) - two mothers

• च (ca) - and, also

• ते (te) - your (referring to the mothers of the person being addressed by Saṃjaya, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira) (your, of you)

Words meanings and morphology

समाविद्धे (samāviddhe) - caught, engulfed (by the calamity or fire) (caught, pierced, struck, overwhelmed)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of samāviddha

samāviddha - pierced, struck, overwhelmed, caught, surrounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √vyadh (to pierce, strike) with the prefixes sam- and ā-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: vyadh (class 4)

वने (vane) - in the forest, in the wood

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when it had arrived, when it had befallen (obtained, reached, arrived, befallen)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, arrived, occurred, befallen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √āp (to obtain, reach) with the prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

व्यसने (vyasane) - in misfortune, in calamity, in distress

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - misfortune, calamity, distress, vice, addiction

उत्तमे (uttame) - in the ultimate, in the highest, in the supreme

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, ultimate, supreme

निराहारतया (nirāhāratayā) - due to lack of food, by starvation

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of nirāhāratā

nirāhāratā - state of not eating, fasting, starvation, abstinence from food

Derived from nirāhāra with the suffix -tā (feminine, forming abstract nouns).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nirāhāra+tā)

• nirāhāra – without food, fasting
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of nis (without) and āhāra (food)
  Prefix: nir
• tā – suffix denoting state, condition, or quality (abstract noun)
  suffix (feminine)

राजा (rājā) - the king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

मन्दप्राणविचेष्टितः (mandaprāṇaviceṣṭitaḥ) - whose vital activities/movements are weak, with weakened vital functions

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mandaprāṇaviceṣṭita

mandaprāṇaviceṣṭita - whose vital activities/movements are weak

Bahuvrīhi compound: (manda) slow/weak + (prāṇa) vital breath + (viceṣṭita) movement/activity

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (manda+prāṇa+viceṣṭita)

• manda – slow, weak, dull, faint
  adjective (masculine)
• prāṇa – vital breath, life-force, vital air, respiration
  noun (masculine)
• viceṣṭita – movement, activity, exertion, effort
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √ceṣṭ (to move, stir, strive) with the prefix vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

असमर्थः (asamarthaḥ) - incapable, unable, powerless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asamartha

asamartha - incapable, unable, powerless, unfit

Negative compound with 'a' (not) and 'samartha' (capable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+samartha)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
• samartha – capable, able, suitable, fit
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of sam- and artha (purpose, object, means)
  Prefix: sam

अपसरणे (apasaraṇe) - in escaping, in moving away, in departing

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of apasaraṇa

apasaraṇa - moving away, departure, escape, retreat

Action noun

Derived from the root √sṛ (to go) with the prefix apa- and the suffix -aṇa

Prefix: apa

Root: sṛ (class 1)

सुकृशौ (sukṛśau) - very emaciated, very lean

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, dual of sukṛśa

sukṛśa - very thin, very lean, greatly emaciated

Compound of su- (well, very) and kṛśa (thin, emaciated)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+kṛśa)

• su – good, well, very, easily
  prefix
• kṛśa – thin, emaciated, lean, weak
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'mātarau'

मातरौ (mātarau) - two mothers

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, dual of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - your (referring to the mothers of the person being addressed by Saṃjaya, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you