महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-77, verse-9

न हन्येरंश्च राजानो राज्ञश्चाज्ञा कृता भवेत् ।
इति संचिन्त्य स तदा भ्रातुः प्रियहिते रतः ।
प्रोवाच वाक्यं धर्मज्ञः सैन्धवान्युद्धदुर्मदान् ॥९॥

9. na hanyeraṁśca rājāno rājñaścājñā kṛtā bhavet ,
iti saṁcintya sa tadā bhrātuḥ priyahite rataḥ ,
provāca vākyaṁ dharmajñaḥ saindhavānyuddhadurmadān.

9. na hanyeran ca rājānaḥ rājñaḥ ca ājñā
kṛtā bhavet iti saṃcintya saḥ tadā
bhrātuḥ priyahite rataḥ provāca vākyaṃ
dharmajñaḥ saindhavān yuddhadurmadān

9. rājānaḥ na hanyeran ca rājñaḥ ājñā
kṛtā bhavet iti saṃcintya saḥ tadā
bhrātuḥ priyahite rataḥ dharmajñaḥ
yuddhadurmadān saindhavān vākyaṃ provāca

9. Kings should not be killed, and the king's command should be obeyed. Reflecting thus, he, intent on his brother's welfare, then, being one who understood natural law (dharma), spoke these words to the Saindhavas, who were intoxicated with war.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• हन्येरन् (hanyeran) - should be killed (should be killed, might be killed)

• च (ca) - and

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• च (ca) - and

• आज्ञा (ājñā) - command, order

• कृता (kṛtā) - carried out, fulfilled (done, made, performed)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (should be, might be, may be)

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

• संचिन्त्य (saṁcintya) - having reflected, having pondered

• सः (saḥ) - he, that one

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of the brother

• प्रियहिते (priyahite) - on his brother's welfare (literally, in the dear good/benefit) (in welfare of the dear one, in dear welfare)

• रतः (rataḥ) - intent on, devoted to (devoted, intent, engaged)

• प्रोवाच (provāca) - he spoke, he said

• वाक्यं (vākyaṁ) - these words (word, speech, sentence)

• धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - one who understood natural law (dharma) (one who knows natural law, righteous, virtuous)

• सैन्धवान् (saindhavān) - the Saindhavas (people from Sindhu region)

• युद्धदुर्मदान् (yuddhadurmadān) - intoxicated by war, arrogant in battle

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हन्येरन् (hanyeran) - should be killed (should be killed, might be killed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, potential (liṅ) of han

Potential Mood, Passive Voice

Derived from root han, 3rd person plural, potential mood, passive voice (hanyeta)

Root: han (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आज्ञा (ājñā) - command, order

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ājñā

ājñā - command, order, permission

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

कृता (kṛtā) - carried out, fulfilled (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (should be, might be, may be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, potential (liṅ) of bhū

Potential Mood

Derived from root bhū, 3rd person singular, potential mood, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

संचिन्त्य (saṁcintya) - having reflected, having pondered

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root cit (to think) with prefix saṃ, ending in -tya (for prefixed roots)

Prefix: saṃ

Root: cit (class 10)

सः (saḥ) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of the brother

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

प्रियहिते (priyahite) - on his brother's welfare (literally, in the dear good/benefit) (in welfare of the dear one, in dear welfare)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of priyahita

priyahita - dear welfare, cherished good

Compound type : karmadhāraya (priya+hita)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
• hita – welfare, benefit, good; placed, suitable
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhā (to place) with prefix hi (which changes to hita)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

रतः (rataḥ) - intent on, devoted to (devoted, intent, engaged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rata

rata - delighted, pleased, devoted, engaged in

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ram (to delight, enjoy)

Root: ram (class 1)

प्रोवाच (provāca) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pra-vac

Perfect Tense

Derived from root vac with prefix pra, 3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

वाक्यं (vākyaṁ) - these words (word, speech, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

Derived from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - one who understood natural law (dharma) (one who knows natural law, righteous, virtuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knowing natural law, righteous, virtuous, a jurist

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, familiar with, one who knows
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

सैन्धवान् (saindhavān) - the Saindhavas (people from Sindhu region)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saindhava

saindhava - belonging to Sindhu, an inhabitant of Sindhu, a horse from Sindhu

युद्धदुर्मदान् (yuddhadurmadān) - intoxicated by war, arrogant in battle

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yuddhadurmada

yuddhadurmada - intoxicated with battle, arrogant in war

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuddha+durmada)

• yuddha – war, battle, fight
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• durmada – arrogant, proud, intoxicated, furious
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root mad (to be intoxicated) with prefix dur-
  Prefix: dur
  Root: mad (class 4)