महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-77, verse-7

न हन्तव्या रणे तात क्षत्रिया विजिगीषवः ।
जेतव्याश्चेति यत्प्रोक्तं धर्मराज्ञा महात्मना ।
चिन्तयामास च तदा फल्गुनः पुरुषर्षभः ॥७॥

7. na hantavyā raṇe tāta kṣatriyā vijigīṣavaḥ ,
jetavyāśceti yatproktaṁ dharmarājñā mahātmanā ,
cintayāmāsa ca tadā phalgunaḥ puruṣarṣabhaḥ.

7. na hantavyā raṇe tāta kṣatriyāḥ
vijigīṣavaḥ jetavyāḥ ca iti yat proktam
dharmarājñā mahātmanā cintayāmāsa
ca tadā phalgunaḥ puruṣarṣabhaḥ

7. tāta,
raṇe vijigīṣavaḥ kṣatriyāḥ na hantavyāḥ ca jetavyāḥ iti yat mahātmanā dharmarājñā proktam,
tadā ca puruṣarṣabhaḥ phalgunaḥ cintayāmāsa.

7. Then Arjuna, that best of men, reflected on what the great-souled Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira) had said: 'My dear, Kṣatriyas who desire victory should not be killed in battle; rather, they should be subdued.'

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• हन्तव्या (hantavyā) - should be killed, deserving of death

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• तात (tāta) - My dear (an affectionate address) (dear child, father, dear one)

• क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - warriors, members of the Kṣatriya (warrior) class

• विजिगीषवः (vijigīṣavaḥ) - desirous of victory, wishing to conquer

• जेतव्याः (jetavyāḥ) - should be conquered, should be subdued

• च (ca) - and, also

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a direct quote (thus, so, in this way)

• यत् (yat) - what (was said) (which, that, what)

• प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - said, declared, stated

• धर्मराज्ञा (dharmarājñā) - by Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled (Dharmarāja) (by the great-souled one, by the magnanimous one)

• चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he thought, he reflected

• च (ca) - and, also

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• फल्गुनः (phalgunaḥ) - Arjuna

• पुरुषर्षभः (puruṣarṣabhaḥ) - bull among men, best of men, preeminent man

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

negative particle

हन्तव्या (hantavyā) - should be killed, deserving of death

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hantavya

hantavya - to be killed, deserving of death

Gerundive (future passive participle)

from root han (to strike, kill) + tavya (gerundive suffix)

Root: han (class 2)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

तात (tāta) - My dear (an affectionate address) (dear child, father, dear one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, my son

Note: Used as a term of endearment by an elder.

क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - warriors, members of the Kṣatriya (warrior) class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - warrior, member of the Kṣatriya class

Note: Visarga dropped in sandhi to 'kṣatriyā'.

विजिगीषवः (vijigīṣavaḥ) - desirous of victory, wishing to conquer

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vijigīṣu

vijigīṣu - desirous of victory, wishing to conquer

Desiderative adjective

from desiderative stem of root ji (to conquer)

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'kṣatriyāḥ'.

जेतव्याः (jetavyāḥ) - should be conquered, should be subdued

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jetavya

jetavya - to be conquered, to be won, to be subdued

Gerundive (future passive participle)

from root ji (to conquer) + tavya (gerundive suffix)

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Visarga changes to 'ś' by sandhi before 'ca'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

conjunction

इति (iti) - marks the end of a direct quote (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

particle

यत् (yat) - what (was said) (which, that, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, what

relative pronoun

प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - said, declared, stated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prokta

prokta - said, declared, stated

Past Passive Participle

prefix pra + root vac (to speak) + kta (past participle suffix)

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

धर्मराज्ञा (dharmarājñā) - by Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmarājan

dharmarājan - king of (natural) law (dharma), king of righteousness, a title of Yudhiṣṭhira

tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – natural law (dharma), righteousness, duty, constitution
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled (Dharmarāja) (by the great-souled one, by the magnanimous one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – soul (ātman), self, spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'dharmarājñā'.

चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he thought, he reflected

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of cint

Perfect Tense

denominal verb from cintā (thought), perfect 3rd person singular

Root: cit (class 10)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

conjunction

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

adverb of time

फल्गुनः (phalgunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

पुरुषर्षभः (puruṣarṣabhaḥ) - bull among men, best of men, preeminent man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - bull among men, best of men

tatpuruṣa compound (figurative)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: An epithet for Arjuna.