महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-77, verse-20

ते वध्यमानास्तु तदा पार्थेनामिततेजसा ।
यथाप्राणं यथोत्साहं योधयामासुरर्जुनम् ॥२०॥

20. te vadhyamānāstu tadā pārthenāmitatejasā ,
yathāprāṇaṁ yathotsāhaṁ yodhayāmāsurarjunam.

20. te vadhyamānāḥ tu tadā pārthena amitatejasā
yathāprāṇam yathotsāham yodhayāmāsuḥ arjunam

20. tadā amitatejasā pārthena vadhyamānāḥ te tu
yathāprāṇam yathotsāham arjunam yodhayāmāsuḥ

20. But they, being slain at that time by Arjuna (Pārtha) of immeasurable prowess, fought him with all their strength and zeal.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they, those

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being slain, being killed

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Arjuna (son of Pṛthā) (by Pārtha)

• अमिततेजसा (amitatejasā) - by one of immeasurable prowess/energy

• यथाप्राणम् (yathāprāṇam) - according to their strength/life, with all their might

• यथोत्साहम् (yathotsāham) - according to their enthusiasm/spirit, with all their zeal

• योधयामासुः (yodhayāmāsuḥ) - they fought

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being slain, being killed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being struck down

present passive participle

Derived from the root 'han' (to strike, kill), forms causative 'ghātayati' or 'vadhati', then passive participle

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'te'

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Arjuna (son of Pṛthā) (by Pārtha)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), an epithet of Arjuna

अमिततेजसा (amitatejasā) - by one of immeasurable prowess/energy

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of amitatejas

amitatejas - of immeasurable energy, of irresistible prowess

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (amita+tejas)

• amita – unmeasured, immeasurable, infinite
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Derived from the root 'mā' (to measure) with prefix 'a-' (negation)
  Prefix: a
  Root: mā (class 2)
• tejas – splendor, brilliance, energy, prowess, spiritual power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'pārthena'

यथाप्राणम् (yathāprāṇam) - according to their strength/life, with all their might

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+prāṇa)

• yathā – as, according to, in which manner
  indeclinable
• prāṇa – breath, life-force, vital air, strength
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)

यथोत्साहम् (yathotsāham) - according to their enthusiasm/spirit, with all their zeal

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+utsāha)

• yathā – as, according to, in which manner
  indeclinable
• utsāha – enthusiasm, energy, zeal, courage
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: sah (class 1)

योधयामासुः (yodhayāmāsuḥ) - they fought

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of yudh

causative perfect

Causative stem 'yodhaya' from root 'yudh', then perfect tense (ām-pratyaya)

Root: yudh (class 4)

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a name of the third Pāṇḍava brother), white, clear