महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-77, verse-39

एवं ब्रुवत्यां करुणं दुःशलायां धनंजयः ।
संस्मृत्य देवीं गान्धारीं धृतराष्ट्रं च पार्थिवम् ।
प्रोवाच दुःखशोकार्तः क्षत्रधर्मं विगर्हयन् ॥३९॥

39. evaṁ bruvatyāṁ karuṇaṁ duḥśalāyāṁ dhanaṁjayaḥ ,
saṁsmṛtya devīṁ gāndhārīṁ dhṛtarāṣṭraṁ ca pārthivam ,
provāca duḥkhaśokārtaḥ kṣatradharmaṁ vigarhayan.

39. evam bruvatyām karuṇam duḥśalāyām
dhanañjayaḥ | saṃsmṛtya devīm gāndhārīm
dhṛtarāṣṭram ca pārthivam | provāca
duḥkha-śoka-ārtaḥ kṣatra-dharmam vigarhayen

39. duḥśalāyām evam karuṇam bruvatyām
dhanañjayaḥ devīm gāndhārīm ca pārthivam
dhṛtarāṣṭram saṃsmṛtya duḥkha-śoka-ārtaḥ
kṣatra-dharmam vigarhayen provāca

39. While Duḥśalā was speaking so piteously, Dhanañjaya (Arjuna), recalling Queen Gāndhārī and King Dhṛtarāṣṭra, spoke, afflicted by sorrow and grief, condemning the warrior's intrinsic nature (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• ब्रुवत्याम् (bruvatyām) - to Duḥśalā who was speaking (while speaking, to the speaking)

• करुणम् (karuṇam) - piteously, mournfully, compassionately

• दुःशलायाम् (duḥśalāyām) - when Duḥśalā was speaking (to Duḥśalā, in Duḥśalā)

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (Dhanañjaya (a name for Arjuna, meaning 'conqueror of wealth'))

• संस्मृत्य (saṁsmṛtya) - having remembered, recalling thoroughly

• देवीम् (devīm) - goddess, queen

• गान्धारीम् (gāndhārīm) - Gāndhārī

• धृतराष्ट्रम् (dhṛtarāṣṭram) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• च (ca) - and

• पार्थिवम् (pārthivam) - King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (earthly, royal; king, ruler)

• प्रोवाच (provāca) - he spoke, he said

• दुःख-शोक-आर्तः (duḥkha-śoka-ārtaḥ) - afflicted by sorrow and grief

• क्षत्र-धर्मम् (kṣatra-dharmam) - the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a warrior, warrior's duty

• विगर्हयेन् (vigarhayen) - condemning, reviling, blaming

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

ब्रुवत्याम् (bruvatyām) - to Duḥśalā who was speaking (while speaking, to the speaking)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, saying

Present Active Participle

Derived from root brū (to speak)

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Duḥśalā.

करुणम् (karuṇam) - piteously, mournfully, compassionately

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karuṇa

karuṇa - pity, compassion; piteous, compassionate

Note: Functions adverbially.

दुःशलायाम् (duḥśalāyām) - when Duḥśalā was speaking (to Duḥśalā, in Duḥśalā)

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of Duḥśalā

Duḥśalā - Duḥśalā (sister of Duryodhana)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction.

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (Dhanañjaya (a name for Arjuna, meaning 'conqueror of wealth'))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth; Arjuna

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (dhana+jayin)

• dhana – wealth, riches, money
  noun (neuter)
• jayin – conquering, victorious; conqueror
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  Derived from root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

संस्मृत्य (saṁsmṛtya) - having remembered, recalling thoroughly

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root smṛ (to remember) with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Verb form, but functions as indeclinable.

देवीम् (devīm) - goddess, queen

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of devī

devī - goddess, queen, lady

Note: Qualifies Gāndhārī.

गान्धारीम् (gāndhārīm) - Gāndhārī

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of Gāndhārī

Gāndhārī - Gāndhārī (wife of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, mother of Kauravas)

Note: Object of saṃsmṛtya.

धृतराष्ट्रम् (dhṛtarāṣṭram) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (blind king of Hastinapura, father of Kauravas)

Note: Object of saṃsmṛtya.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Gāndhārī and Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

पार्थिवम् (pārthivam) - King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (earthly, royal; king, ruler)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - relating to the earth, earthly; a king, prince

Derived from pṛthivī (earth)

Note: Qualifies Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

प्रोवाच (provāca) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pra-vac

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

दुःख-शोक-आर्तः (duḥkha-śoka-ārtaḥ) - afflicted by sorrow and grief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkha-śoka-ārta

duḥkha-śoka-ārta - afflicted by suffering and grief

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+śoka+ārta)

• duḥkha – suffering, sorrow, misery
  noun (neuter)
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ṛ (to go, to move; also imply distress in some contexts)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies Dhanañjaya.

क्षत्र-धर्मम् (kṣatra-dharmam) - the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a warrior, warrior's duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣatra-dharma

kṣatra-dharma - the duty or intrinsic nature (dharma) of the warrior caste

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatra+dharma)

• kṣatra – warrior caste, temporal power
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of vigarhayen.

विगर्हयेन् (vigarhayen) - condemning, reviling, blaming

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vi-garh

vi-garh - to blame, to censure, to revile

Present Active Participle

Derived from root garh (to blame) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: garh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Dhanañjaya, describing his action while speaking.