महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-51, verse-22

अनर्घेया महाराज द्विजा वर्णमहत्तमाः ।
गावश्च पृथिवीपाल गौर्मूल्यं परिकल्प्यताम् ॥२२॥

22. anargheyā mahārāja dvijā varṇamahattamāḥ ,
gāvaśca pṛthivīpāla gaurmūlyaṁ parikalpyatām.

22. anargheyāḥ mahārāja dvijāḥ varṇamahattamāḥ
gāvaḥ ca pṛthivīpāla gauḥ mūlyam parikalpyatām

22. O great king, O protector of the earth, the twice-born (dvija) are invaluable and most excellent among the social classes, and cows are likewise precious. Therefore, let a cow be fixed as the price.

Words meanings summery:

• अनर्घेयाः (anargheyāḥ) - Refers to both Brahmins and cows, indicating their high regard. (invaluable, priceless)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Vocative address to King Nahusha. (O great king)

• द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - Specifically refers to Brahmins as the highest social class. (twice-born ones, Brahmins)

• वर्णमहत्तमाः (varṇamahattamāḥ) - Refers to Brahmins as holding the highest position among the four (varṇa) social orders. (most excellent among the social classes)

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• च (ca) - and, also

• पृथिवीपाल (pṛthivīpāla) - Vocative address to King Nahusha. (O protector of the earth, O king)

• गौः (gauḥ) - a cow

• मूल्यम् (mūlyam) - The cost or payment requested by the sage. (price, value)

• परिकल्प्यताम् (parikalpyatām) - Let the value be established or accepted. (let it be determined, let it be fixed)

Words meanings and morphology

अनर्घेयाः (anargheyāḥ) - Refers to both Brahmins and cows, indicating their high regard. (invaluable, priceless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anargheya

anargheya - invaluable, priceless, not to be bought

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (denoting suitability or capability)

Negative prefix an- + arghya (from argha 'value, price'). Effectively means 'not worthy of a price'.

Note: Qualifies dvijāḥ and gāvaḥ.

महाराज (mahārāja) - Vocative address to King Nahusha. (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound: mahā (great) + rājan (king).

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Feminine stem of mahat used in compounds.
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - Specifically refers to Brahmins as the highest social class. (twice-born ones, Brahmins)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a Brahmin, a bird, a tooth); here, primarily a Brahmin

Compound: dvi (two) + jan (born).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+jan)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• jan – born, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle (implied from √jan)
  From root √jan 'to be born'.
  Root: jan (class 4)

वर्णमहत्तमाः (varṇamahattamāḥ) - Refers to Brahmins as holding the highest position among the four (varṇa) social orders. (most excellent among the social classes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇamahattama

varṇamahattama - most excellent of social classes/castes

Compound: varṇa (social class/caste) + mahattama (greatest, superlative of mahat).

Compound type : tatpurusha (varṇa+mahattama)

• varṇa – color, caste, class, social order
  noun (masculine)
• mahattama – greatest, most excellent, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of mahat (great).

Note: Qualifies dvijāḥ.

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, earth, ray of light

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पृथिवीपाल (pṛthivīpāla) - Vocative address to King Nahusha. (O protector of the earth, O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pṛthivīpāla

pṛthivīpāla - protector of the earth, king

Compound: pṛthivī (earth) + pāla (protector).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pṛthivī+pāla)

• pṛthivī – earth
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root √pā 'to protect'.
  Root: pā (class 2)

गौः (gauḥ) - a cow

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, ox, earth, ray of light

मूल्यम् (mūlyam) - The cost or payment requested by the sage. (price, value)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mūlya

mūlya - price, value, worth, capital

Derived from mūla (root, basis, origin, capital) with suffix -ya.

Note: Can also be accusative singular.

परिकल्प्यताम् (parikalpyatām) - Let the value be established or accepted. (let it be determined, let it be fixed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (lot) of kalp

Imperative Passive

Root √kḷp (class 1) with prefix pari-, passive voice, 3rd person singular imperative.

Prefix: pari

Root: kḷp (class 1)