महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-51, verse-40

भीष्म उवाच ।
ततस्तस्य प्रसादात्ते महर्षेर्भावितात्मनः ।
निषादास्तेन वाक्येन सह मत्स्यैर्दिवं ययुः ॥४०॥

40. bhīṣma uvāca ,
tatastasya prasādātte maharṣerbhāvitātmanaḥ ,
niṣādāstena vākyena saha matsyairdivaṁ yayuḥ.

40. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca tataḥ tasya prasādāt te maharṣeḥ
bhāvitātmanaḥ niṣādāḥ tena vākyena saha matsyaiḥ divam yayuḥ

40. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca tataḥ tasya bhāvitātmanaḥ maharṣeḥ prasādāt
te niṣādāḥ tena vākyena matsyaiḥ saha divam yayuḥ

40. Bhīṣma said: Then, by the grace of that great sage (maharṣi), whose inner self was purified, those Niṣādas (fishermen), by virtue of that pronouncement, ascended to heaven along with the fish.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - the character Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (a proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Bhīṣma spoke (he said, spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - following that event (then, thereupon, from that)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (sage Cyavana) (his, of him, of that)

• प्रसादात् (prasādāt) - through the blessing (from grace, by favor, through mercy)

• ते (te) - those fishermen (those (plural nominative masculine))

• महर्षेः (maharṣeḥ) - of the venerable sage Cyavana (of the great sage (maharṣi))

• भावितात्मनः (bhāvitātmanaḥ) - of the sage whose inner self (ātman) was purified (of the pure-souled, of the contemplative mind, of the developed self)

• निषादाः (niṣādāḥ) - the fishermen (of the Niṣāda community) (Niṣādas (a tribe, often associated with hunting/fishing), outcasts)

• तेन (tena) - by means of that (by that, with that (masculine/neuter instrumental singular))

• वाक्येन (vākyena) - by that pronouncement (of Cyavana) (by word, by speech, by statement)

• सह (saha) - accompanied by (with, together with)

• मत्स्यैः (matsyaiḥ) - accompanied by the fish (with the fish)

• दिवम् (divam) - towards the celestial realm (to heaven, sky)

• ययुः (yayuḥ) - they ascended (they went, they moved)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - the character Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - awful, formidable, terrible; Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru warrior in the Mahābhārata)

Root: bhī (class 3)

उवाच (uvāca) - Bhīṣma spoke (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ lakāra), 3rd person singular, active voice. The root 'vac' is an athematic verb, undergoing reduplication in the perfect tense.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - following that event (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

Derived from the pronoun 'tad' (that) with the ablative suffix -tas.

तस्य (tasya) - of that (sage Cyavana) (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'maharṣi' (Cyavana).

प्रसादात् (prasādāt) - through the blessing (from grace, by favor, through mercy)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of prasāda

prasāda - grace, favor, blessing, clearness, serenity, propitiousness

Derived from root sad (to sit) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause or source ('by means of grace').

ते (te) - those fishermen (those (plural nominative masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'niṣādāḥ'.

महर्षेः (maharṣeḥ) - of the venerable sage Cyavana (of the great sage (maharṣi))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, seer (maharṣi)

Karmadhāraya compound: 'mahā' (great) + 'ṛṣi' (sage).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty, eminent
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ

Note: Refers to Cyavana.

भावितात्मनः (bhāvitātmanaḥ) - of the sage whose inner self (ātman) was purified (of the pure-souled, of the contemplative mind, of the developed self)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhāvitātman

bhāvitātman - one whose self (ātman) is developed/purified/contemplated

Bahuvrihi compound: 'bhāvita' (cultivated, purified) + 'ātman' (self).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhāvita+ātman)

• bhāvita – caused to be, developed, purified, contemplated, brought into existence
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Derived from the causative form of root bhū (to be).
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, breath (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'maharṣeḥ'.

निषादाः (niṣādāḥ) - the fishermen (of the Niṣāda community) (Niṣādas (a tribe, often associated with hunting/fishing), outcasts)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niṣāda

niṣāda - Niṣāda (a low caste, traditionally hunters or fishermen), outcast

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'yayuḥ'.

तेन (tena) - by means of that (by that, with that (masculine/neuter instrumental singular))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'vākyena'.

वाक्येन (vākyena) - by that pronouncement (of Cyavana) (by word, by speech, by statement)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, sentence, speech, statement, saying

Derived from root vac (to speak) with suffix -ya.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Indicates the means or instrument ('by means of the word').

सह (saha) - accompanied by (with, together with)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/postposition.

मत्स्यैः (matsyaiḥ) - accompanied by the fish (with the fish)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of matsya

matsya - fish, a fish

Derived from root mad (to rejoice, be glad) with suffix -sya, often associated with water.

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Used with 'saha'.

दिवम् (divam) - towards the celestial realm (to heaven, sky)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of div

div - heaven, sky, day, bright space

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Indicates destination or direction of motion.

ययुः (yayuḥ) - they ascended (they went, they moved)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect tense (liṭ lakāra), 3rd person plural, active voice. Root 'yā' is an athematic verb.

Root: yā (class 2)