महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-51, verse-21

भीष्म उवाच ।
नहुषस्य वचः श्रुत्वा गविजातः प्रतापवान् ।
उवाच हर्षयन्सर्वानमात्यान्पार्थिवं च तम् ॥२१॥

21. bhīṣma uvāca ,
nahuṣasya vacaḥ śrutvā gavijātaḥ pratāpavān ,
uvāca harṣayansarvānamātyānpārthivaṁ ca tam.

21. bhīṣma uvāca nahuṣasya vacaḥ śrutvā gavijātaḥ pratāpavān
uvāca harṣayan sarvān amātyān pārthivam ca tam

21. Bhishma said: Having heard Nahusha's words, the mighty Gavijāta (Chyavana) spoke, delighting all the ministers and that king.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• नहुषस्य (nahuṣasya) - of Nahusha

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• गविजातः (gavijātaḥ) - Refers to the sage Chyavana, son of Bhṛgu. (born from a cow; Gavijāta (an epithet of Chyavana))

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - powerful, mighty, glorious

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• हर्षयन् (harṣayan) - gladdening, delighting

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, every

• अमात्यान् (amātyān) - ministers, counselors

• पार्थिवम् (pārthivam) - King Nahusha (king, ruler)

• च (ca) - and, also

• तम् (tam) - Refers to king Nahusha. (him, that)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a proper name, son of Shantanu and Ganga)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root √vac (2nd class, 'ad' group) in Perfect tense, 3rd person singular active. Irregular perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

नहुषस्य (nahuṣasya) - of Nahusha

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nahuṣa

nahuṣa - Nahusha (a legendary king, son of Ayu)

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, utterance, saying

Note: Can also be nominative singular.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed from root √śru (class 5) with suffix -tvā, indicating a completed action before the main verb.

Root: śru (class 5)

गविजातः (gavijātaḥ) - Refers to the sage Chyavana, son of Bhṛgu. (born from a cow; Gavijāta (an epithet of Chyavana))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gavijāta

gavijāta - born from a cow; an epithet of Chyavana

Compound word: go (cow) + jāta (born).

Compound type : tatpurusha (go+jāta)

• go – cow, earth, ray of light
  noun (masculine/feminine)
• jāta – born, produced, arisen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √jan (class 4) 'to be born', suffix -ta.
  Root: jan (class 4)

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - powerful, mighty, glorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - powerful, mighty, glorious, majestic (having splendor)

Possessive suffix -vat from pratāpa (splendor, might).

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root √vac (2nd class, 'ad' group) in Perfect tense, 3rd person singular active. Irregular perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

हर्षयन् (harṣayan) - gladdening, delighting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harṣayat

harṣayat - causing joy, delighting, gladdening

Present Active Participle (causative)

From causative root √hṛṣ (class 1) 'to rejoice' + -ay (causative suffix) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, every

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

अमात्यान् (amātyān) - ministers, counselors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of amātya

amātya - minister, counselor, companion, friend

पार्थिवम् (pārthivam) - King Nahusha (king, ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - relating to the earth; earthly; king, ruler

Derived from pṛthivī (earth) with the suffix -a.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - Refers to king Nahusha. (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it