महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-51, verse-14

भीष्म उवाच ।
महर्षेर्वचनं श्रुत्वा नहुषो दुःखकर्शितः ।
स चिन्तयामास तदा सहामात्यपुरोहितः ॥१४॥

14. bhīṣma uvāca ,
maharṣervacanaṁ śrutvā nahuṣo duḥkhakarśitaḥ ,
sa cintayāmāsa tadā sahāmātyapurohitaḥ.

14. bhīṣma uvāca maharṣeḥ vacanam śrutvā nahuṣaḥ
duḥkhakarśitaḥ sa cintayāmāsa tadā sahāmātyapurohitaḥ

14. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca maharṣeḥ vacanam śrutvā nahuṣaḥ
duḥkhakarśitaḥ tadā saḥ sahāmātyapurohitaḥ cintayāmāsa

14. Bhishma said, "Having heard the words of the great sage (maharṣi), Nahuṣa was greatly distressed by sorrow. Then he, along with his ministers and royal priests, began to ponder."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• महर्षेः (maharṣeḥ) - of Sage Chyavana (of the great sage)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - the statement made by Chyavana (word, speech, statement)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• नहुषः (nahuṣaḥ) - Nahuṣa

• दुःखकर्शितः (duḥkhakarśitaḥ) - emaciated by sorrow, distressed by sorrow

• स (sa) - King Nahuṣa (he)

• चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he pondered, he thought

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• सहामात्यपुरोहितः (sahāmātyapurohitaḥ) - King Nahuṣa accompanied by his royal advisors and chaplains (accompanied by ministers and priests)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a prominent character in the Mahābhārata)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

third person singular, perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

महर्षेः (maharṣeḥ) - of Sage Chyavana (of the great sage)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, a seer of the highest rank

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive case, referring to Chyavana.

वचनम् (vacanam) - the statement made by Chyavana (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, statement, saying

action noun

Derived from root vac- (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of the gerund 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Indeclinable participle indicating prior action.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb.

नहुषः (nahuṣaḥ) - Nahuṣa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nahuṣa

nahuṣa - Nahuṣa (a mythical king, son of Āyu and father of Yayāti)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

दुःखकर्शितः (duḥkhakarśitaḥ) - emaciated by sorrow, distressed by sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhakarśita

duḥkhakarśita - emaciated/distressed by sorrow/suffering

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+karśita)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)
• karśita – emaciated, distressed, withered
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From root kṛś (to become thin, emaciated)
  Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'nahuṣaḥ'.

स (sa) - King Nahuṣa (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - he, that, this

Note: Refers back to Nahuṣa.

चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he pondered, he thought

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of cint

perfect tense (periphrastic)

third person singular, perfect active (periphrastic perfect with āmāsa)

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Periphrastic perfect is used for some roots in Class 10.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

सहामात्यपुरोहितः (sahāmātyapurohitaḥ) - King Nahuṣa accompanied by his royal advisors and chaplains (accompanied by ministers and priests)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahāmātyapurohita

sahāmātyapurohita - accompanied by ministers and priests

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+amātya+purohita)

• saha – with, together
  indeclinable
• amātya – minister, counselor
  noun (masculine)
• purohita – family priest, royal chaplain
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: puras
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: This adjective describes Nahuṣa, the subject of 'cintayāmāsa'.