महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-51, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
नहुषस्तु ततः श्रुत्वा च्यवनं तं तथागतम् ।
त्वरितः प्रययौ तत्र सहामात्यपुरोहितः ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
nahuṣastu tataḥ śrutvā cyavanaṁ taṁ tathāgatam ,
tvaritaḥ prayayau tatra sahāmātyapurohitaḥ.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca nahuṣaḥ tu tataḥ śrutvā cyavanam tam
tathāgatam tvaritaḥ prayayau tatra sahāmātyapurohitaḥ

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca nahuṣaḥ tu tataḥ tam cyavanam tathāgatam
śrutvā tvaritaḥ sahāmātyapurohitaḥ tatra prayayau

1. Bhishma said: Upon hearing that Chyavana had arrived, King Nahusha immediately went there with his ministers and priest.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• नहुषः (nahuṣaḥ) - Nahusha (a proper name)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• च्यवनम् (cyavanam) - Sage Chyavana (Chyavana)

• तम् (tam) - that Chyavana (him, that)

• तथागतम् (tathāgatam) - arrived (referring to Chyavana) (having arrived, thus come)

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swiftly (adverbial use) (swift, hurried, quickly)

• प्रययौ (prayayau) - went (went forth, proceeded)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• सहामात्यपुरोहितः (sahāmātyapurohitaḥ) - King Nahusha accompanied by his ministers and priest (with his ministers and priest)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a Kuru warrior)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Perfect 3rd singular active, from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

नहुषः (nahuṣaḥ) - Nahusha (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nahuṣa

nahuṣa - Nahusha (name of an ancient king)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

(indeclinable)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive (gerund) from root śru

Root: śru (class 5)

च्यवनम् (cyavanam) - Sage Chyavana (Chyavana)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of cyavana

cyavana - Chyavana (name of a sage)

तम् (tam) - that Chyavana (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine form of tad, referring to Chyavana.

तथागतम् (tathāgatam) - arrived (referring to Chyavana) (having arrived, thus come)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tathāgata

tathāgata - thus come, thus gone, one who has arrived (or gone) in that manner

past passive participle

Past passive participle from gam with tathā

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tathā+gata)

• tathā – thus, so
  indeclinable
• gata – gone, arrived, reached
  participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Past passive participle from root gam
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: It functions here as an adjective for Cyavanam.

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swiftly (adverbial use) (swift, hurried, quickly)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - hurried, swift, quick

past passive participle

Past passive participle from root tvar

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially in this context, describing Nahuṣa's action.

प्रययौ (prayayau) - went (went forth, proceeded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pra-yā

perfect active

Perfect 3rd singular active, from root yā with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

सहामात्यपुरोहितः (sahāmātyapurohitaḥ) - King Nahusha accompanied by his ministers and priest (with his ministers and priest)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahāmātyapurohita

sahāmātyapurohita - accompanied by ministers and a priest

Compound type : bahuvrihi (saha+amātya+purohita)

• saha – with, together with
  indeclinable
• amātya – minister, companion
  noun (masculine)
• purohita – priest, family priest
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: puras
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Adjective describing Nahusha.