महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-151, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
किं श्रेयः पुरुषस्येह किं कुर्वन्सुखमेधते ।
विपाप्मा च भवेत्केन किं वा कल्मषनाशनम् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kiṁ śreyaḥ puruṣasyeha kiṁ kurvansukhamedhate ,
vipāpmā ca bhavetkena kiṁ vā kalmaṣanāśanam.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kim śreyaḥ puruṣasya iha kim kurvan
sukham edhate vipāpmā ca bhavet kena kim vā kalmaṣanāśanam

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca iha puruṣasya
kim śreyaḥ? kim kurvan (saḥ)
sukham edhate? ca kena vipāpmā
bhavet? vā kim kalmaṣanāśanam?

1. Yudhishthira said: "What is truly beneficial for a (puruṣa) person in this world? By doing what does one attain happiness and prosperity? And by what means does one become free from sin? Or what completely destroys impurities?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• किम् (kim) - what?

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - welfare, ultimate good, benefit, superior

• पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of a person, of a human being, of a (puruṣa) cosmic person

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

• किम् (kim) - what?

• कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, performing, acting

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, comfort; happily

• एधते (edhate) - prospers, thrives, grows

• विपाप्मा (vipāpmā) - sinless, free from sin, pure

• च (ca) - and

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would be, might be, becomes

• केन (kena) - by what? by whom? by which means?

• किम् (kim) - what?

• वा (vā) - or, either, and

• कल्मषनाशनम् (kalmaṣanāśanam) - destroyer of impurities, remover of sins

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava brother, steadfast in battle)

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm, steady)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which, why

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - welfare, ultimate good, benefit, superior

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - better, best, excellent, welfare, prosperity, ultimate good

Comparative/superlative of śrī (prosperity, glory)

पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of a person, of a human being, of a (puruṣa) cosmic person

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, spirit, the supreme cosmic person

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which, why

कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, performing, acting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurvat

kurvat - doing, performing, acting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do) with suffix -at

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, comfort; happily

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, pleasure, comfort, ease

Note: Can also function as an adverb 'happily'.

एधते (edhate) - prospers, thrives, grows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of edh

Root: edh (class 1)

विपाप्मा (vipāpmā) - sinless, free from sin, pure

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipāpman

vipāpman - sinless, pure, free from evil

Compound of vi (without) + pāpman (sin)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+pāpman)

• vi – separation, negation, opposite, without
  indeclinable
• pāpman – sin, evil, wickedness
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भवेत् (bhavet) - would be, might be, becomes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

केन (kena) - by what? by whom? by which means?

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which, why

वा (vā) - or, either, and

(indeclinable)

कल्मषनाशनम् (kalmaṣanāśanam) - destroyer of impurities, remover of sins

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kalmaṣanāśana

kalmaṣanāśana - destroying sin or impurity

Compound of kalmaṣa (impurity/sin) and nāśana (destroying)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kalmaṣa+nāśana)

• kalmaṣa – stain, impurity, sin, defect
  noun (neuter)
• nāśana – destroying, causing to perish, removal
  adjective (neuter)
  Agent noun / Action noun
  Derived from root naś (to perish, destroy)
  Root: naś (class 4)