महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-144, verse-31

ततः परमसंक्रुद्धो रथात्प्रस्कन्द्य स द्विजः ।
पदातिरुत्पथेनैव प्राधावद्दक्षिणामुखः ॥३१॥

31. tataḥ paramasaṁkruddho rathātpraskandya sa dvijaḥ ,
padātirutpathenaiva prādhāvaddakṣiṇāmukhaḥ.

31. tataḥ parama-saṃkruddhaḥ rathāt praskandya saḥ
dvijaḥ padātiḥ utpathena eva prādhāvat dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ

31. tataḥ parama-saṃkruddhaḥ saḥ dvijaḥ rathāt praskandya
padātiḥ utpathena eva dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ prādhāvat

31. Then, extremely enraged, that Brahmin (dvija) jumped down from his chariot. On foot, he ran, facing south, by an unusual path.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

• परम-संक्रुद्धः (parama-saṁkruddhaḥ) - extremely enraged (extremely enraged, highly incensed)

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• प्रस्कन्द्य (praskandya) - having jumped down (having jumped down, having alighted)

• सः (saḥ) - that (Brahmin) (he, that)

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - Brahmin (twice-born, Brahmin)

• पदातिः (padātiḥ) - on foot (on foot, infantryman)

• उत्पथेन (utpathena) - by an unusual path (by a wrong path, by an unusual path)

• एव (eva) - only, indeed (only, just, indeed)

• प्राधावत् (prādhāvat) - he ran (he ran forward)

• दक्षिणामुखः (dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ) - facing south (south-facing)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + -tas suffix

परम-संक्रुद्धः (parama-saṁkruddhaḥ) - extremely enraged (extremely enraged, highly incensed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parama-saṃkruddha

parama-saṁkruddha - extremely enraged, highly incensed

Tatpurusha compound of parama (supreme) and saṃkruddha (enraged)

Compound type : tatpurusha (parama+saṃkruddha)

• parama – supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative form of para
• saṃkruddha – enraged, highly angry, incensed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √krudh (to be angry) with prefix sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: √krudh (class 4)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

प्रस्कन्द्य (praskandya) - having jumped down (having jumped down, having alighted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √skand (to jump, leap) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: √skand (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - that (Brahmin) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - Brahmin (twice-born, Brahmin)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), a bird, a tooth, a snake

Bahuvrihi compound: dvi (two) + ja (born)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √jan (to be born)
  Root: √jan (class 4)

पदातिः (padātiḥ) - on foot (on foot, infantryman)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of padāti

padāti - on foot, pedestrian, infantryman

Note: Adjectival use, agreeing with dvijaḥ.

उत्पथेन (utpathena) - by an unusual path (by a wrong path, by an unusual path)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of utpatha

utpatha - wrong path, unusual path, by-path

Tatpurusha compound: ut (up, out of) + patha (path) or meaning 'wrong path'.

एव (eva) - only, indeed (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

प्राधावत् (prādhāvat) - he ran (he ran forward)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pradhā

Imperfect Active

From root √dhāv (to run) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: √dhāv (class 1)

Note: The initial 'prā-' is due to sandhi/augment 'a' before 'a'.

दक्षिणामुखः (dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ) - facing south (south-facing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dakṣiṇāmukha

dakṣiṇāmukha - south-facing, turned towards the south

Bahuvrihi compound: dakṣiṇā (south) + mukha (face)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dakṣiṇā+mukha)

• dakṣiṇā – south, right (side)
  noun (feminine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjectival use, agreeing with dvijaḥ.